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Brigadier General Khalid M Amin

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Activity

Background

Summary

Company Profile

http://strategicus-inc.blogspot.com/2011/08/shifting-of-180-pieces-of-plant-and.html


Consultants firm dealing with civil ,electrical,mechanical,chemical engineering and social,environmental, political,security studies and assessments.

Professor of Survey and Astronomy at Military College of Engineering Risalpur.

I graduated from US Army Engineer School Fort Belvoir in 1964.

Served in Military Operations Directorate as principal officer dealing with war plans.

Served as Director General National Highway Board from March 1981 to March 1987.

Looked after operations of Nazir and Company in Libya from 1987 to 1992.

Successfully negotiated Fourth Highway Loan with World Bank.

World Bank Consultant on Highways in Nigeria-1988.

Member Operations National Highway Authority Pakistan from April 1992 to June 1994.

Director General Punjab Highway Authority from November 1994 to January 1997.

Looked after operations of Nazir and Company in Iraq from 1997 to 2004.

Chief Technical Officer of Transoxiana from 2007 May till todate.

TRANSOXIANA

TRANSOXIANA

Experience

CEO

Trans Frontier Consultants
January 2009 – Present (4 years 7 months)Pakistan

Civil Engineering Consultants

Chief Technical Officer

Transoxiana
May 2007 – Present (6 years 3 months)Pakistan

Consultants firm dealing with civil ,electrical,mechanical,chemical engineering and social,environmental, political,security studies and assessments.

Transoxiana worked with top international firms like SNC Lavalin Canada Fichtner Germany etc

Civil Engineering Arbitrator

Civil Engineering Arbitrator
January 1997 – Present (16 years 7 months)Pakistan

National Highway Authority Versus Hakas Private Limited for Islamabad Murree Expressway Dispute

Sambu Construction Company versus National Highway Authority Pakistan

AM Construction Company Versus Taisei Corporation Japan

Various other civil engineering disputes

Advisor

Nazir and Company Private Limited
January 1997 – December 2010 (14 years)Pakistan,Saudi Arabia,Iraq,Libya,Senegal

Civil Engineering and Project Management Consultant

Advisor

Husnain Cotex Limited
April 2008 – June 2009 (1 year 3 months)Pakistan

Civil Engineering and Project Management Advisor

Director General

Punjab Highway Authority
November 1994 – January 1997 (2 years 3 months)Pakistan

Introduced concept of BOOT in building highways in Pakistan.

Conceived Lahore Ring Road project and Faisalabad Pindi Bhattian BOOT project of which the latter was unjustly taken over by Pakistans Federal Government from Punjab Government in 1999.

FIA was launched against Punjab Government by Federal Government because Federal Government wanted provincial governments BOOT projects to fail but I salute a highly honest FIA officer Inamullah Sehri who gave me a clean chit in his FIA inquiry.

Lahore Ring Road was to be constructed by private sector but the PPP Government sabotaged the project in 1996 and the project was finally given to National Logistic Cell without bidding by Musharraf regime and later by Punjab provincial government in 2008 at 35 % higher than engineer estimate without any bidding ?

Member Operations

National Highway Authority
April 1992 – June 1994 (2 years 3 months)Pakistan

Supervised all operations of the NHA.

Supervised construction of Lahore Islamabad Motorway

Was very disappointed with the ham handed and crude way that Lahore Islamabad Motorway was awarded to Daewoo even before last date of bid submission as advertised by GOP in Financial Times London

Partner

EPMC
March 1988 – April 1992 (4 years 2 months)Pakistan

Engineering Planning and Management Consultants

Advisor

Nazir and Company Private Limited
March 1987 – April 1992 (5 years 2 months)Pakistan,Saudi Arabia,Libya,Iraq,Senegal

Civil Engineering advisor for projects in Pakistan,Saudi Arabia,Libya,Iraq,Senegal.

Offered post of Military Advisor to Colonel Qaddafi which I declined to accept

Iraq operations came to an end when President Saddam Hussain without assigning any reason confiscated all our assets in August-December 1990.

Consultant on Highways

World Bank
January 1988 – December 1988 (1 year)Nigeria

Highway supervision of workd bank financed highways in Nigeria

Director General

National Highway Board
March 1981 – March 1987 (6 years 1 month)Pakistan

Construction of National Highways in Pakistan.

Successfully negotiated highway loans with various prime donors like World Bank etc.

Lahore Sahiwal Road

DI Khan Bridge

Khairabad Noswhera Peshawar Road

Peshawar Mardan Road

Introduced concept of BOOT Highways in Pakistan in 1982 which was unfortunately sabotaged by the Secretary General Ghulam Ishaq Khan who later became President of Pakistan.

Negotiated Fourth Highway Loan with World Bank in 1987

Brigadier General

Pakistan Army
June 1955 – March 1986 (30 years 10 months)Pakistan

Independent Field Engineer Company officer

Instructor Survey and Astronomy at Military College of Engineering

Adjutant 4 Engineer Battalion

US Army Engineer School Fort Belvoir 1964

Garrison Engineer Runway Pakistan Airforce Karachi

Command and Staff College-1968

Commanded Engineer Field Company in Neelam Valley

General Staff Officer Grade Two 16 Infantry Division Quetta-1969-October 1971.Planned and supervised the record movement of 16 Infantry Division from Quetta to East Bengal (now Bangladesh) in six days

Commanding Officer 6 Engineer Battalion October 1971 to March 1972.Laid the famous three layer minefield in Shakargarh bulge measuring 120 miles in one months record time

General Staff Officer Grade One Engineer in Chief Directorate General Headquarters

General Staff Officer Grade One (Plans) Military Operations Directorate-1973-1974

Armed Forces War Course-1974-75

Commanding Officer 105 Engineer Battalion -1975-1977

First officer in history of Pakistan Army to be promoted direct brigadier without intervening rank of colonel from the corps of engineers

Commander 4 Corps Engineers 1977 to 1979

As Chairman Inquiry commission Punjab I declared 91 PPP parliamentarians clean and only disqualified one turn coat who had joined illegitimate zia regime.

Also carried inquiry into LEFO.

Chaudri Zahur Elahi was also produced before me for disqualification but later he had some secret deal with martial regime and left scot free.

Attended and qualified Administrative Staff College 1978

Commander 491 Brigade Group from June 1979 to March 1981

Commander

491 Brigade Group
June 1979 – March 1981 (1 year 10 months)Jaglot Farm,Northern Areas Pakistan

Maintenance of Silk Road also known as Karakoram Highway from Havelian to Khunjerab Pass.

Construction of Skardu Road.

Defence of Chinese Border where a Northern Light Infantry under my command was deployed.

Wrote Bridge design book which is standard text book in Corps of Engineers Pakistan Army

Introduced arch bridge in Pakistan using Chinese design

Expert in explosives and controlled blasting

Skills & Expertise

Most endorsed for...
  • 17Logistics
  • 13Negotiation
  • 13Strategic Planning
  • 12Operations Management
  • 11Team Building
  • 10Contract Negotiation
  • 9Business Strategy
  • 9Project Management
  • 8Transportation
  • 8Project Planning
Khalid also knows about...
  • 8Change Management
  • 8Government
  • 8Management Consulting
  • 6Procurement
  • 6New Business Development
  • 6Business Planning
  • 6Business Development
  • 6Management
  • 5Supply Chain Management
  • 4Microsoft Office
  • 4Team Leadership
  • 4Analysis
  • 3Budgets
  • 3Customer Service
  • 3Coaching
  • See 25+ 

Education

Administrative Staff College, Lahore

Project Management
1978 – 1979

National Defence College

Armed Forces War Course
1974 – 1975

Bachelor of War and Defence Studies

Command and Staff College Quetta

Command and Staff College
1968 – 1968

US Army Engineer School Fort Belvoir,Virginia

Military Engineering Basic Course, Military Engineering
1964 – 1964

School of Infantry and Tactics Quetta

Officers Weapons Course, Junior Officer Leadership Course
1955 – 1956

Military College of Engineering Rislapur

Basic Officers Military Engineering Course, Military EngineeringexplosivesminesAlpha
1955 – 1955

Punjab Engineering College Lagore

Bachelor of Civil Engineering, Civil EngineeringAlpha
1951 – 1955

Now known as UET Lahore

Gordon College Pindi

Intermediate Degree
1949 – 1951

Dennys High School

Matriculation
1947 – 1949

Additional Info

  1. Advice for Contacting Khalid


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Fwd: deadly

muslim beauty

GRAND MILITARY AND INTELLIGENCE FAILURE AT DI KHAN

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GRAND MILITARY AND INTELLIGENCE FAILURE AT DI KHAN

AGHA H AMIN

 
At Tank 2011

At DI Khan April 2011



The audacious , dynamic and bold manner in which the Pakistani Taliban attacked DI Khan Jail depicts two cardinal facts !

There is something seriously wrong with the Pakistani military at the operational level ? The civilians were always hopeless ! It appears that the military is also getting civilianised.

What lessons learnt at staff college Quetta , war course islamabad and infantry school quetta applied at DI Khan ! How is that a Pakistani corps commander and two general officer commanding were paralysed and failed to launch a counter attack with superior force tha they had available in a 10 mile radius ?

Pathetic par excellence ?

One that the Pakistani Taliban are a force to reckon with at the strategic level !

Second that it was a grand intelligence and military failure on part of the Pakistani military.

DI Khan houses Headquarters of 14 Division and an army artillery division.

That the Pakistani military failed to counter the Taliban is a grand military failure.

In all probability there was no contingency plan on part of the military to deal with this eventuality.

Intelligence was totally flawed and faulty , for if it was otherwise the Pakistani military in DI Khan should have been ready to counter any such incident !

The incident was a grand blow to civilian morale as it amply proved that the Pakistani military and police cannot protect even a city where they have the benefit of numbers and a relatively safe location !

The incident was a grand failure on part of the 11 Corps in Peshawar and the military response in pursuing the Pakistani Taliban from DI Khan to borders of South Waziristan was non existent !

If you go to the DI Khan cantonment it is most well protected as is Quetta Cantonment.But when you go the civilian area , the civilians are at the mercy of insurgents in both cities.

In both cities the military has made good arrangements to guard the cantonment but left the civilian army to the mercy of terrorists. After 2300 police also hides like mice and rightly so because they are not trained or armed to fight the terrorists.

It is failure of Paklstani military as well as Pakistani civilian leadership at the highest level ?

How hollow were General Kianis claims that all is well and Waziristan has been pacified and conquered !

Pakistani civilians role as always was meek and non existent !

In the end the Pakistani intelligence claimed that we had given warning of the attack 48 hours earlier ! What a response and an utter white lie !

Role of Pakistani military is to protect the civilians and not to create DHA Housing schemes !

Perhaps the latter is the prime aim.

GRAND MILITARY AND INTELLIGENCE FAILURE AT DI KHAN

$
0
0
GRAND MILITARY AND INTELLIGENCE FAILURE AT DI KHAN

AGHA H AMIN





At Tank 2011

At DI Khan April 2011



The audacious , dynamic and bold manner in which the Pakistani Taliban attacked DI Khan Jail depicts two cardinal facts !

There is something seriously wrong with the Pakistani military at the operational level ? The civilians were always hopeless ! It appears that the military is also getting civilianised.

What lessons learnt at staff college Quetta , war course islamabad and infantry school quetta applied at DI Khan ! How is that a Pakistani corps commander and two general officer commanding were paralysed and failed to launch a counter attack with superior force tha they had available in a 10 mile radius ?

Pathetic par excellence ?

One that the Pakistani Taliban are a force to reckon with at the strategic level !

Second that it was a grand intelligence and military failure on part of the Pakistani military.

DI Khan houses Headquarters of 14 Division and an army artillery division.

That the Pakistani military failed to counter the Taliban is a grand military failure.

In all probability there was no contingency plan on part of the military to deal with this eventuality.

Intelligence was totally flawed and faulty , for if it was otherwise the Pakistani military in DI Khan should have been ready to counter any such incident !

The incident was a grand blow to civilian morale as it amply proved that the Pakistani military and police cannot protect even a city where they have the benefit of numbers and a relatively safe location !

The incident was a grand failure on part of the 11 Corps in Peshawar and the military response in pursuing the Pakistani Taliban from DI Khan to borders of South Waziristan was non existent !

If you go to the DI Khan cantonment it is most well protected as is Quetta Cantonment.But when you go the civilian area , the civilians are at the mercy of insurgents in both cities.

In both cities the military has made good arrangements to guard the cantonment but left the civilian army to the mercy of terrorists. After 2300 police also hides like mice and rightly so because they are not trained or armed to fight the terrorists.

It is failure of Paklstani military as well as Pakistani civilian leadership at the highest level ?

How hollow were General Kianis claims that all is well and Waziristan has been pacified and conquered !

Pakistani civilians role as always was meek and non existent !

In the end the Pakistani intelligence claimed that we had given warning of the attack 48 hours earlier ! What a response and an utter white lie !

Role of Pakistani military is to protect the civilians and not to create DHA Housing schemes !

Perhaps the latter is the prime aim.

Bruce Riedels Strategic Misconceptions

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USA,ISI,AL QAEDA and TALIBAN-Setting Straight Bruce Riedels Strategic Narrative [Paperback]

Agha Humayun Amin 

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Book Description

November 14, 2012
Those terrorists are planning to attack the US from Pakistan and Afghanistan is a captivating headline but not based on facts. FBI and various US agency statistics prove that Muslims are the lowest percentage groups in any violence in the US. The highest group involved in violence in the US being Hispanics and various other gangs. There is also another interesting figure that Americans are more likely to be killed by an accident involving their furniture or by an accident rather than a terrorist act. 9/11 although tragic and massive has not been repeated. US decision makers and analysts have long held the mistaken view that Pakistan holds the key to destroying the Taliban and Al Qaeda. The Pakistani military thinks that this very idea would weaken and destroy Pakistan. A weaker Taliban would mean a greater US threat for Pakistan! The Pakistani military feels that US prime target is to denuclearize Pakistan. It further feels that US sees India as policeman of the region and future US policy sees Pakistan as a fragmented, weakened, denuclearized Indian vassal. When analysts like Bruce Riedel state like Pakistan has the fastest growing nuclear arsenal in the world , their strategic narrative assumes a most hostile and sinister outlook for Pakistani military.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 74 pages
  • Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (November 14, 2012)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1481007645
  • ISBN-13: 978-1481007641
  • Product Dimensions: 9 x 6 x 0.2 inches
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Taliban War in Afghanistan-A Writers Transformed Perceptions from 2001 to 2011

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Taliban War in Afghanistan-A Writers Transformed Perceptions from 2001 to 2011 [Paperback]

Agha Humayun Amin 

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Book Description

October 12, 2012
Ongoing Taliban war in Afghanistan.

Editorial Reviews

About the Author

Major Agha Humayun Amin was commissioned in the 11 Cavalry in March 1983.He held varied command and staff positions of an independent tank squadron and an instructor at the Tactical Wing of the Armor School Nowshera. He retired from the army in March 1994 and is a security analyst since 1994.He also worked as Assistant Editor Defence Journal, Executive Editor Globe and Editor of Journal of Afghanistan Studies. He is author of seven books on Afghanistan and Pakistan Army and has done various World Bank and Asian Development Bank projects as a sub consultant with leading companies like SNC Lavalin Canada and Fichtner Germany.

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Decision Making and Leadership in Essence

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Military Leadership and Decision Making [Paperback]

Agha Humayun Amin 

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Book Description

October 28, 2012
Military Leadership and decision making

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  • Paperback: 102 pages
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Atlas and Military History of Indo Pak Wars

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Atlas and Military History of India Pakistan Wars (Volume 1) [Paperback]

Agha Humayun Amin 

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October 13, 2012
An Atlas and military hisory of key battle of India Pakistan wars.

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  • Paperback: 468 pages
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Lessons of History

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Mans Role in History [Paperback]

Agha Humayun Amin 

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November 1, 2012
A theory about mans role in history based on simple examples of history.

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  • Paperback: 54 pages
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How the English East India Company Conquered India

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Agha Humayun Amin 

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November 2, 2012
How a private English Company conquered India and Chastised Afghanistan and Nepal.

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Islamic Extremism is a US Policy Strategic Failure in AF PAK

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EXCERPTS  USA,ISI,AL QAEDA and TALIBAN-Setting Straight Bruce Riedels Strategic Narrative

BY

AGHA H AMIN

Since Afghan war was a gold mine for Pakistans fatherless military elite they wanted it to continue for as long as possible.The strategic objective of Pakistani generals was to stay in power and that required the Afghan war gold mine to yield US Dollars.

Thus while the Afghan war was fought for a twisted political goal , the wagers of the game had their own personal agendas the region got radicalized.

The US policy makers of that time failed strategically in not outmanoeuvring Pakistans greedy generals and being taken for a ride by them. Reagan with no intellectual caliber and depth bit the Pakistani generals bait and generals who used to sell eggs to survive became the personal benefactors of the USAs greatest covert operations aid program.

While US aid should have been delivered in such a manner that Soviets were also bled white , the Islamists and Pakistanis should also have been bled white and in the end there were no winners.Reagan administration instead supported Pakistan nearly unconditionally and today the USA and the whole world is paying the price of this Reagan faux pas.

The greatest irony of the whole US strategy in Afghan war was that secularism was severely weakened in the Islamic world and seeds of irrevocable Islamic militarization planted in the Islamic world.

It is naieve and intellectually unjust when analysts in the west particularly Americans simply blame Pakistan for all the maladies connected with extremism and terrorism.
It is again a highly flawed Western misperception that the ISI was given any task by Zia to make Pakistan an Islamic state.Islamisation was restricted to some cosmetic changes in the predominantly Anglo Saxon legal system of Pakistan. The basic motivation of Zia in this case again was to please the Saudis and get more Saudi aid.
The growth of Islamic schools and seminaries known as Madrasahs had a far closer link with the US Afghan war rather than Zias Islamisation.
Two factors contributed to the phenomenal growth of Madrassas in the period 1977-92.

The first factor was the Iranian revolution of 1978-79 which created panic in the oil rich Arab Gulf monarchies as well as Saudi Arabia who directly faced a possible future Iranian land and sea invasion threat.

A large part of the proxy war was thus fought from 1979 onwards in Pakistan.This was because Pakistan was the most important Islamic state because of its population, strategic location and military potential.

Pakistans border with Afghanistan and Iran and the Soviet Afghan war also made Pakistan focal and central in the Arab- Iran war which was sectarian as well as ethnic.
The second factor was Afghan war for which cannon fodder was required and cannon fodder could only be produced in Madrasahhas which were fed with students from the lowest and poorest economic classes , mostly orphans who were the pawns to be sacrificed in the ongoing Afghan war.
Another American held myth is that the ISIs Afghan war was Pashtun centered.When analysts like Bruce Riedel state that ISI boss LTG Akhtar Abdul Rahman was a Pashtun , this is less than the half truth . Akhtar was a Pashtun by race but a Punjabi culturally and linguistically , as much a German as someone may call General Eisenhower.

In using Pashtuns as proxies in the Afghan war Pakistans Punjabi-Urdu establishment destroyed Pashtun separatism , destroyed worlds only Pashtun state Afghanistan and also weakened Pashtuns as an ethnic group in both Afghanistan and Pakistan. Most of the Soviet Afghan war was fought in the Pashtun areas south of Hindu Kush and 80 % the total damages were in Pashtun areas.Thus the primacy that the Pashtuns enjoyed in Afghanistan as an ethnic group was severely challenged by the non Pashtuns .


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USA,ISI,AL QAEDA and TALIBAN-Setting Straight Bruce Riedels Strategic Narrative [Paperback]

Agha Humayun Amin 

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Book Description

November 14, 2012
Those terrorists are planning to attack the US from Pakistan and Afghanistan is a captivating headline but not based on facts. FBI and various US agency statistics prove that Muslims are the lowest percentage groups in any violence in the US. The highest group involved in violence in the US being Hispanics and various other gangs. There is also another interesting figure that Americans are more likely to be killed by an accident involving their furniture or by an accident rather than a terrorist act. 9/11 although tragic and massive has not been repeated. US decision makers and analysts have long held the mistaken view that Pakistan holds the key to destroying the Taliban and Al Qaeda. The Pakistani military thinks that this very idea would weaken and destroy Pakistan. A weaker Taliban would mean a greater US threat for Pakistan! The Pakistani military feels that US prime target is to denuclearize Pakistan. It further feels that US sees India as policeman of the region and future US policy sees Pakistan as a fragmented, weakened, denuclearized Indian vassal. When analysts like Bruce Riedel state like Pakistan has the fastest growing nuclear arsenal in the world , their strategic narrative assumes a most hostile and sinister outlook for Pakistani military.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 74 pages
  • Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (November 14, 2012)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1481007645
  • ISBN-13: 978-1481007641
  • Product Dimensions: 9 x 6 x 0.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 5.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)


Myth of Independence-The British System of Control in India and Ultimate Strategic success

Agha H Amin


  1. Reliance on indigenous Indians as core and majority of army , police , para military and administration with a dedicated nucleus of handpicked British corp d elite.The best top cadets of entrance examination of RMA Sandhurst were marked for Indian Army.
  2. System of land awards , cash awards,titles.
  3. Selection of classes loyal to British rule in army , navy, police , administration.
  4. Fair legal system at grass root level while superior courts designed to quash anti British legal suits.
  5. Extreme infiltration of Muslim Mullahs designed to create petty sectarian and interpretation tensions and differences.Creation of new sects and religions.
  6. Firm control over Afghanistan and its foreign policy with a personal retainer to the Afghan king .
  7. Strong district administration system with the District Deputy Commissioner as eyes and ears of the crown.Detailed reports and gazeteers compiled on classes and races of each district.
  8. Indian police Station House Officer as basic brick of eyes and ears system.
  9. Creation of a politically loyal Indian Army which fought against Afghans ,Indians,Nepalese,Iranians,Turks,Germans,Italians,Japanese  etc without any major internal break down from 1858 to 1947.
  10. The policy of divide and rule defeated the 1857-58 war of Indian Independence and rabid Islamist movements like Wahhabi movement and various tribal Pashtun movements.
  11. In First World War all German and Turkish attempts to strike at loyalty of British Indian Army was by and largea 90 % failure.
  12. Select Indian Intelligence Service known as IB and CID with a majority Indian component at grass roots level. Such was the committment to Indian intelligence assets that all records of Indian Intelligence were destroyed at time of Indian Pakistani independence in 1947.
  13. While Indians brag that they won the independence , it was Adolf Hitler and Second World Wars War Exhaustion which made the British quit India.Whereas big Indian political agitations were successfully defeated by the British in 1919, 1919-21 , 1930 , 1942 etc.
  14. Although Japanese created the Indian National Army , this army was by and large a failure in subverting loyalty of British Indian Army.Similarly German attempts to create an Indian Army from Indian PWs in Italy was by and large a failure.
  15. When All India Congress having political majority threatened the British with non cooperation in War effort against Japan and Germany , the Axis powers the British simply kicked them out of the government and used Muslims as spearhead of war effort with Muslim League as the vanguard Toady !
  16. Pakistan was a direct result of British policy followed from 1858 and it was British policy which succssfully made sure that Muslims remained pitched against Hindus thus weakening Indian independence movement.
  17. Creation of Pakistan as a semi independent British and later American base after 1947.Pakistan by and large remained a British and after 1954 a US base area against USSR etc by and large from 1954 till to date.The existent Anti Americanism in Pakistan has not changed the essential US penetration.It is fear of India that ensures that the Pakistani military cooperates with US.
  18. Even Turkey and Egypt were British successes as Turkey and Egypt finally came to the British American bloc because of fear of USSR.Core countries of Middle East and so called Islamic World are till todate US or British sattellites.Dissent where it exists is in the minority classes.
  19. Fear of Chinese forced India which was initially anti West to come closer to the West and fear of Chinese power and Muslim extremism emanating from Pakistan and Afghanistan convincingly forced India to come close to  the US after 1988.
  20. As ZA Bhutto rightly stated in his book, Independence was a myth !



DI Khan is a military failure,Does PM Nawaz Sharif has the Guts or the Wisdom

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DI Khan is a military failure

Agha H Amin,Major (Retired)


DI Khan is a military failure

Prime Minister does not have the guts to obtain the Pakistan Armys Explanation.

It is doubtful if Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has the insight to appoint an army chief who can fight Pakistans real war which is INTERNAL ?

D I Khan like other places i.e karachi, Peshawar and Quetta etc, is a display of gross negligence by the Army. 

Everyone is hiding behind rules and is portraying himself to be a rational and law abiding citizen.


 They wait for orders rather than get pro-actively involved.

 D I Khan is an outcome of doing a sitzkrieg in North Waziristan and these things will continue to happen till we take the Pakistani military takes the  battle to the TTP in FATA and wherever they are ?


When Major General Tariq Khan was  the IG, if a single shot fired in the town; if it was a consequence of a marriage, the brides father and bridegroom would spend the night in jail; if it was a consequence of some other reason, then the house would go down. 


Haroon rashid the JI leader in KPs  house was blown up and he tried running around on TV complaining, but no one had ever touched the Jamat e Islami before and they decided to calm down before another few houses come down.

 This reasonable mannerism will not get anyone anywhere.

GEO Pakistan
 House of JI leader demolished in Bajaur
 Updated at: 2238 PST,  Monday, February 15, 2010
House of JI leader demolished in Bajaur KHAR: Security forces on Monday carried out bombings on militant hideouts situated in Bajaur Agency region.

While Jamaat-e-Islami alleged that the bombing killed the mother and sister of party's provincial Amir Haroon Rashid and destroyed his house. 

The FC Media Cell clarified that foreign militants targeted the house of ex-MNA Haroon Rashid. It further said that security forces conducted a thorough search operation before demolishing the house. No causality was reported, it said. 

The FC Media Cell continued that a house was collapsed due to incessant rains in the same village, in which an elderly woman and a girl died. 

On the other hand, JI NWFP General Secretary Shabir Ahmed Khan alleged that security forces blew up the house of Haroon Rashid with explosives. As a result, Rashid's 80-year-old mother and 20-year-old sister were killed, he said.


GRAND MILITARY AND INTELLIGENCE FAILURE AT DI KHAN


AGHA H AMIN


There is a basic flaw in Pakistan Armys training philosophy .The fault is at the highest level and trickles downward ?


Whats wrong with Pakistan Army ?


There is a clear line of such failures starting from 2003 and things are deteriorating ?


Darbaris cannot lead the army !


WHEN I APPROACHED MILITARY POSTS IN CANTONMENTS TO MEET FRIENDS I COULD SEE FEAR IN THE EYES OF THE SENTRIES ! FEAR AFTER SEEING MY LONG HAIR AND BEARD ! ITS A FEAR WHICH IS DIFFICULT TO DESCRIBE ! THIS IS MORE THAN JUST A RAID OR JUST AN INCIDENT , ITS A HISTORICAL BATTLE WHICH STARTED FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD OF ISLAM ! IN PAKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN THIS BATTLE IS NOW BECOMING A MONSTER WHICH IS DIFFICULT TO CONTROL ?  WHAT I WRITE WILL NOT BE PUBLISHED BY ANY MAIN PAKI NEWSPAPER , BUT THAT DENIAL DOES NOT CHANGE THE HARSH AND BITTER TRUTH ? I AM NOT A MULLAH ! I AM A WHISKEY DRINIKING MAN WHO DRINKS SCOTCH EVERY DAY , RAMZAN OR NO RAMZAN ! I HAVE NOT BEEN TO A MOSQUE FOR 36 YEARS ? BUT I SEE A GROWING MORAL ASCENDANCY IN THE ISLAMISTS AND INSURGENTS ! DI KHAN WAS JUST ONE EXAMPLE !


AN ARMYS MILITARY VIRTUE IS A SUBTLE AND COMPLEX THING AND IF NOT HANDLED RIGHTLY , CAN DETERIORATE AND EVAPORATE ?


WHAT WAS BUILT BY THE BRITISH WITH A 150 YEAR EFFORT CAN COLLAPSE WITHIN MONTHS AND YEARS.


GENERAL KIANI MAY GO IN HISTORY AS THE MOST UNFORTUNATE CHIEF ? ONE WRONG STEP AND WE ARE GONE !



http://low-intensity-conflict-review.blogspot.com/2012/11/assessment-of-officers-and-military.html


It is hilarious that police is being blamed whereas the DI Khan faux pas was a military failure at the corps and divisional level.


If intelligence was there about the impending raid , why was the army so sleepy on the Jail raid night ! Ramzan !




Visiting PAVO 11 Cavalry , my parent regiment in Kohat.The regiment is deployed in Waziristan



At Tank 2012


At DI Khan April 2012

When I travelled to DI Khan ,Bannu and Tank in 2012 I could feel that the police feared to even stop any vehicle.


There was that this invisible fear in the air . The army was boxed in cantonements ?




The audacious , dynamic and bold manner in which the Pakistani Taliban attacked DI Khan Jail depicts two cardinal facts !


There is something seriously wrong with the Pakistani military at the operational level ? The civilians were always hopeless ! It appears that the military is also getting civilianised.


What lessons learnt at staff college Quetta , war course islamabad and infantry school quetta applied at DI Khan ! How is that a Pakistani corps commander and two general officer commanding were paralysed and failed to launch a counter attack with superior force tha they had available in a 10 mile radius ?


Pathetic par excellence ?


One that the Pakistani Taliban are a force to reckon with at the strategic level !


Second that it was a grand intelligence and military failure on part of the Pakistani military.


DI Khan houses Headquarters of 14 Division and an army artillery division.


That the Pakistani military failed to counter the Taliban is a grand military failure.


In all probability there was no contingency plan on part of the military to deal with this eventuality.


Intelligence was totally flawed and faulty , for if it was otherwise the Pakistani military in DI Khan should have been ready to counter any such incident !


The incident was a grand blow to civilian morale as it amply proved that the Pakistani military and police cannot protect even a city where they have the benefit of numbers and a relatively safe location !


The most weak link in the chain was Pakistani military response ! Pathetic ! Rollo Gillespie with a small manpower intercepted the Vellore mutineers ! Here a whole brigade plus and possibly a divisional strength gave a pathetic performance !


The Pakistani police are simplt not the right force to fight the Taliban !


The incident was a grand failure on part of the 11 Corps in Peshawar and the military response in pursuing the Pakistani Taliban from DI Khan to borders of South Waziristan was non existent !


A Tariq Khan on the spot in DI Khan could have made all the difference ?


The issue is serious ? Absence or presence of one man can change the whole strategic and operational game ?


THE ISSUE IS SERIOUS . THAT IS WHY THE PAKISTANI TALIBAN MAKE SUCH HARD EFFORTS TO RESCUE THEIR JAILED LEADERS.MEN LIKE ADNAN RASHID ARE EQUAL TO AN ARMY DIVISION . 5 % US PILOTS DESTROYED MOST OR AT LEAST 40 % GERMAN AIRCRAFTS IN SECOND WORLD WAR.ONE KHALID BIN WALEED , ONE NAPOLEON CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE.




If you go to the DI Khan cantonment it is most well protected as is Quetta Cantonment.But when you go the civilian area , the civilians are at the mercy of insurgents in both cities.


In both cities the military has made good arrangements to guard the cantonment but left the civilian army to the mercy of terrorists. After 2300 police also hides like mice and rightly so because they are not trained or armed to fight the terrorists.


It is failure of Paklstani military as well as Pakistani civilian leadership at the highest level ?


How hollow were General Kianis claims that all is well and Waziristan has been pacified and conquered !


Pakistani civilians role as always was meek and non existent !


In the end the Pakistani intelligence claimed that we had given warning of the attack 48 hours earlier ! What a response and an utter white lie !


Role of Pakistani military is to protect the civilians and not to create DHA Housing schemes !


Perhaps the latter is the prime aim.




How Reagan Strategy Brutalised and Extremised Afghanistan and Pakistan

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How Reagan Strategy Brutalised and Extremised Afghanistan and Pakistan

Agha H Amin


The Quranic Concept of War was a book officially sponsored by President Reagans most trusted ally General Zia of Pakistan.It was introduced as a study book in command and staff college quetta pakistan.Much more dangerous than this book were the University of Nebraska pamphlets printed in billions and distributed in pakistan and afghanistan ,glorifying explosives and martrydom.Thus a region where a Hippy could travel from Herat to Kandahar and Kabul to Mazar was brutalised and extremised ? I remembers this from my 1970 family visit to Kabul.




Pakistan -Garrison State -US based social scientist Dr Helal Pasha

Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed 
Great Scholar , Great Author , good friend

I came to know Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed through e mail. It so happened that a very honourable and fine gentleman Brigadier Yasub Dogar who I knew through e mail gave Dr Ishtiaq my e mail address.

Our friendship became very strong when Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed crossed swords with a brilliant lawyer who I held in very high esteem . I was deeply disappointed on Dr Ishtiaqs revelation that this brilliant lawyer regarded me as a nut and stupid man ? However no hard feelings as this is a common occurrence ! I remember in 1987 an officer of 10 FF my brigade unit borrowed my Pajero SUV to lay a famous politician of Multans daughter ! However a very close friend in 10 FF told me that he regarded me as a nut and warned all 10 FF officers not to meet me as the then divisional commander of our division was against me !

These things happen in life.

Myself and Dr Ishtiaq agreed on our iconoclastic views about  Mr Jinnah . I found great intellectual inspiration in Dr Ishtiaqs writings.

It was a great honour for me when Dr Ishtiaq interviewed me for his book .

Oxford University had some reservations about interviewing me but Dr Ishtiaq brushed them aside .

I was very glad that Dr Ishtiaq reproduced the great injustice that Admiral Sharif meted out to my friend Syed Zafar Abbas Bukhari in FPSC interview simply because Bukhari wrote that his favourite poet was Faiz Ahmad Faiz.

Bukhari fought a legal battle and moved from postal group to police service and is a DIG in Karachi now. It is important that the injustices done to people in the Zia regime are brought tp light. Dr Ishtiaq has boldly done so .

My best wishes for Dr Ishtiaqs future life and intellectual endeavours .








 Brigadier Yasub Dogar played a crucial role in giving inputs on Dr Ishtiaqs book and Dr Ishtiaq was gracious and magnanimous to acknowledge Brigadier Dogars contribution.

It was a great honour to meet Dr Ishtiaq visiting Pakistan from Sweden. He is a great scholar indeed and I consider myself lucky that I have the honour of being one of his friends.

He was kind enough to interview me for his book. 

When he told me that he would meet me in Pakistan  I bought a Grants Whiskey to celebrate , although Dr Ishtiaq does not drink !





Dear All,

The reviews of my garrison state book are now picking momentum. The latest is by Dr Helal Pasha who lives and works in the United States. I find it extremely erudite even when he seems somewhat ambivalent about the description of Pakistan as a garrison state. 
In fact without the concept of the garrison state and the theory which I propose the book could be like any other well researched work. It is this conceptual and theoretical framework which I maintain makes possible the analysis which I proffer. 
I argue that whereas Harold Lasswell theorized that the garrison state would appear in an advanced-industrialized country I have demonstrated out that is possible if a third world state can link itself to such an economy by manipulating the tensions, contradictions and anarchy in international politics. 

 Apart from this important point on which we disagree, Dr Pasha's review is a welcome contribution in understanding my new book both in terms of its theoretical and empirical features.

Best regards,
Ishtiaq
PhD (Stockholm University); Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University; and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. Latest publications: Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947-2011), Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2013; The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed: Unravelling the 1947 Tragedy through Secret British Reports and First-Person Accounts (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2012; New Delhi: Rupa Books, 2011). He can be reached at: billumian@gmail.com
Pakistan and Army
"Pakistan: The Garrison State" deals with ever-expanding influence of the Pakistan army over political, social, and economic milieus in Pakistan since 1947
By Helal Pasha
Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed's recent book "Pakistan: The Garrison State", published in 2013, by Oxford University Press, immediately after his seminal work "The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed" in 2011, is a remarkable achievement in terms of time spent on research, reviewing numerous sources, and analysing multiple events spread well over 70 years. His dedication in recording Pakistan's history and unearthing, previously unknown, undocumented events is laudable. Dr Ishtiaq travelled extensively, interviewed incredibly large number of people, including former president Gen. Musharraf, and many top India army officers.
As the title suggests, the book principally deals with ever-expanding influence of the Pakistan army over political, social, and economic milieus in Pakistan since 1947. In the last decade, luminaries such as Ambassador Husain Haqqani, Ayesha Siddiqa, Ahmed Rashid, and many others wrote books discussing the Pakistan army. Ayesha Siddiqa's Military Inc. stands out for her breakthrough research in detailing the army's flourishing entrepreneurial endeavours and control of the economy.
Ironically, the army is more or less openly involved in business and industry highlighting most of its enterprises by using prefix 'Fauji' (army man in vernacular) or 'Defense', and there is nothing secret about it. Siddiqa did not focus entirely on army's business interests. She veered off to itemising personal monetary benefits enjoyed by the generals. That triggered a backlash and an angry retort by the generals.
Dr Ishtiaq takes a different route. He starts off by examining ideological inclination of the army. His inquisitiveness on the use of metaphor 'Fortress of Islam' by a former president in his speech, in 2001, ignited the urge to get to the core of such a haughty vow. The result is a phenomenal book that will make scholars' proud libraries richer, and readers immensely conversant with insight from the early development of the idea of Pakistan to a state incapable of untying the Gordian knot for the last several decades. "Pakistan is Islam's fortress," an arrogant declaration adopted by Pakistan army from an old Jamaat-e-Islami political slogan during the army rule in the 1980s. The army concomitantly embraced "Jihad, for Allah" as one of the armed forces guiding maxim around the same time.
The book largely deals with the ideological progression translated into political dominance of the army over the country, as well. Primarily, due to the ideological mishmash of the independence movement, the Pakistan army catapulted itself as indubitable protector, and arbiter of the ideology of the nation after independence.
Dr Ishtiaq seeks to decipher the origins of the concept garrison state that certainly is not a religious concept. The roots of garrison state are in the early human development along with the concepts of area boundaries and protection of communities.
The first question that needed to be resolved was: whether Pakistan is a garrison state or not? A dominating army does not make a garrison state. He has candidly pointed out, despite the ominous cries of military-industrial complex, US is not a garrison state. Many historian and defense analysts would not accept it kindly. The Pentagon's influence extends far beyond just the defense policy. There are many institutions including the largest eavesdropping organisation in the world, National Security Agency (NSA) that report to the Pentagon and information to the White House is filtered through the Pentagon. Pentagon usually overrides the US Foreign Office.
Dr Ishtiaq rightly implies that the purpose of small forts or fortresses or cantonments now, was primarily to keep the populations under control. The British extended the concept when they organised the volunteer army in undivided India. Their patterns of recruitment solidified the Pakistan army's influence on certain areas of the country.
Dr Ishtiaq then embarks upon a discussion assessing national security state and garrison state. He traces the roots, the reasons, the Mughal and the British influences that Pakistan inherited. He enforces his views using strong arguments by various academics.
He concludes that Pakistan fits the profile of a garrison state. He observes that Pakistan can continue as a post-colonial garrison state as long as the donors are proving the required resources. At this point, the reader is left with only one answer: Pakistan will probably disappear as soon as the donors lose interest in Pakistan. Is that an accurate conclusion?
Dr Ishtiaq pronouncement appears to be rushed and needs further examination. Having cantonments, large army, and overbearing generals, does not qualify Pakistan to be billed as a garrison state. Considering that the garrisons are supposed to help in controlling the population and frontiers, Pakistan army's garrisons are located smack in the middle of the large cities that render them useless in their basic functions.
Cantonments in Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Multan, Gujranwala, and many other cities do not intimidate the population. They are commercial hubs, and it would be better for the army to sell the prime lands, and use the proceeds to take the cantonments as far away from the cities as possible. Money from selling two cantonment Karachi and Hyderabad would finance almost ten new cantonments in rural areas.
However, these cantonments are a major source of income for the army and former army personnel. Similar to the business interests that Ayesha Siddiqa pointed out in her book. The new breed of army officers and generals prefer to stay close to the cities, and personal comfort takes precedent over war readiness.
The harsh reality is that looking at the current state of affairs, Pakistan might qualify as a dysfunctional national security state that is, paradoxically, incapable of supporting its security needs. The state acquired nuclear option, as the US looked the other way to maintain balance of power in the region. The US still provides finances for the maintenance of nuclear warheads.
A garrison state or a security state; the Pakistan army still manages to control the country in many ways, and the distinction between the two does not diminish the quality of the book and effort that has gone in to documenting complex, controversial, and highly noticeable army position in Pakistan politics.
To be concluded
Pakistan: The Garrison State
Author: Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Pages: 508
Price: Rs1,295

Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed is a Lahore born Swedish political scientist and author. He is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Stockholm University. Readers in India and Punjab enthusiastically welcomed his previous book "The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed". The book won him many laurels including 'Best Non-Fiction Book' Prize at Karachi Literary Festival in 2013.

The Prostitute and Her American Client-Pakistans Real Strategic Position

Mehtab Haider
Thursday, July 26, 2012
From Print Edition
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ISLAMABAD: Pakistan will receive $1.18 billion from the US within the next 48 hours in the shape of reimbursement of expenditures incurred in the fight against the militants.A top official of the Finance Division told The News late Wednesday night that Islamabad was expecting $1.18 billion inflow from the US on account of the Coalition Support Fund (CSF) either on Thursday or Friday. To a query regarding the rejection of $1.3 billion out of the total forwarded bills of $2.5 billion, the official said that the US had always reimbursed 60 to 65 percent of the total forwarded bills in the last 10 years but this ratio had gradually declined and had now come down to almost 50 percent reimbursement only.




Dear All,

A superb review of my Garrison State book by a leading US-based political scientist professor Taj Hashmi has been published in the Daily Times. The one by Razi Azmi was good and competent but it missed some of the key n arguments that I had presented in the book.

Farooq Sulehria did an outstanding review recently in the Daily Times.

 Now a political scientist has written an exhaustive review  in two instalments was was published on 16 and 17 July when I was in London. 


Best regards,
ishtiaq

Daily Times, Tuesday, July 16, 2013



PhD (Stockholm University); Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University; and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. Latest publications: Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947-2011), Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2013; The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed: Unravelling the 1947 Tragedy through Secret British Reports and First-Person Accounts (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2012; New Delhi: Rupa Books, 2011). He can be reached at: billumian@gmail.com

 Book Review : Pakistan, a state within a state — I — By Taj Hashmi
Book Review: Pakistan The Garrison State: Origins, Evolutions, Consequences, 1947-2011

Author: Ishtiaq Ahmed

Publisher: Oxford University Press, Karachi; 2013 


Ishtiaq Ahmed's latest book is another outstanding piece of scholarship by an erudite scholar. This intellectually stimulating work is an important addition to the corpus of writings on modern and contemporary Pakistan, which by design and default has emerged as a 'Garrison State'. While Farzana Shaikh's Making Sense of Pakistan helps us understand why political Islam has become the most powerful political ideology and symbol of national identity in Pakistan, the volume under review makes us understand why the military is so preponderant, powerful and influential in the country, so much so that 'Garrison State' has become the right expression to describe the country. This well-written book is complementary to several recent publications on Pakistan, especially Husain Haqqani's Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military; Ayesha Siddiqa's Military Inc.; Ahmed Rashid's Pakistan on the Brink; Imtiaz Gul's The Most Dangerous Place; and last but not least, Anatol Lieven's Pakistan: A Hard Country.

Ishtiaq Ahmed has quite convincingly proved his thesis that Pakistan's armed forces have virtually become the state, and the main custodian and proponent of political Islam, including ones championed by the Jamaat-e-Islami, Deobandi clerics, the Taliban and other Islamist extremists. The author reveals that thanks to the growing influence of army officers recruited during the Zia regime (1977-1988) — the so-called 'Zia bhartis' (Zia recruits — so far as the Pakistan Army is concerned, the so-called "folk-Islam" or liberal Sufi Islam of the Barelvi school of ulema has receded into the background. This informative and analytical work elucidates the following features of the Garrison State: a) how the Pakistani armed forces, especially the army, have established themselves not only as the defenders of the nation's borders (albeit purportedly, as they were instrumental in the disintegration of the country in 1971) but also of Islam, the state ideology, which seems to be in a constant state of 'danger' since 1947; and b) from time to time ever since the first military takeover in 1958, the armed forces invent new philosophies and policies that have been moulding the nation into a pre-modern civil-military oligarchy.

The author has rightly traced the roots of the Garrison State to the British occupation of the Punjab in 1849, and their subsequent reliance on the province as the 'sword arm' of the Empire till the end of the Raj. One finds beautiful narration and critical appraisal of the post-independence history of Pakistan in this volume with regard to the further entrenchment of the military in the body politic of the country. The author has shed new light on the old story as to how and why the bulk of Pakistanis often legitimise military rule, and consider the military the custodians of their freedom, dignity, and most importantly, of Islam.

We find Pakistan is the only nuclear-armed "Islamic nation" tied to the belief that the "enemies of Islam' within and beyond the region are hell-bent on destroying Islam and Muslims to subjugate them forever "in the eternal conflict between Dar-ul-Islam and Dar-ul-Harb" or between the "House of Islam" and the "House of War". The author's illustration of the indoctrination process of the Pakistani masses by their leaders is fascinating. How elite manipulation and cultural hegemony work in neutralising the so-called autonomous domain of mass consciousness (through "false consciousness") is crucial. As the author demonstrates, contrary to what we find in neo-Marxist Subaltern historiography, elite manipulation has programmed the Pakistani masses into believers of the "evil triumvirate" of the Hanud-Yahud-Nasara (Hindus-Jews-Christians) as the main enemy of Islam, and their country (that even the self-styled "enlightened moderate" General Pervez Musharraf considers) "Islam ka qila" or the "fortress of Islam". Thanks to the promotion of the siege mentality, and the consequential popularity of the threat perception, the average Pakistani favours strong armed forces and nuclear weapons.

The book has written 18 well-written chapters. The author has competently used historical, economic, sociological and contemporary data and methods in preparing this significant work on the Garrison State of Pakistan, which academics, analysts, policymakers and security practitioners within and outside Pakistan will find very useful. This volume is a departure from all the previously written — traditional and modern — works on contemporary Pakistan, its armed forces, Islamic militancy and the immediate and long-term future of the country.

I find chapter one, "The Fortress of Islam: A Metaphor for a Garrison State" the most well-written and important chapter of the work. Other chapters are on the British, American and Soviet attitudes towards Pakistan in its formative phase; the colonial roots of its army; the First Kashmir War of 1947-1948; the First Military Takeover; the 1965 War; the growing disenchantment of East Pakistan; the 1971 War and the separation of Bangladesh; the Bhutto and Zia regimes; Islamisation of the polity; the Afghan jihad and other security and governance issues in Pakistan under General Musharraf, and the subsequent civilian government in relation to Islamist militancy, India, the US and the world at large.

The concluding appraisal of the state of affairs in Pakistan is not promising but very important to reflect on by Pakistani elites, policymakers, security analysts and the country's old and new friends and donors like the US, China and Saudi Arabia:

"The state seems to have lost control in the internal domain as fanatics have been able to hit targets almost at will. Pakistan's reputation as the epicenter of global terrorism and a rogue state is there to stay for quite some time. Another major terrorist attack outside Pakistan can create a dangerous situation for the security and existence of Pakistan. It is, therefore, imperative that the stakeholders in the Pakistan power equation — especially the military — work out a long-term policy and strategy that can create stability, peace, and prosperity within Pakistan as well as help normalise relations with its neighbours — provided they, too, nurture similar aspirations" [p.470].

(To be continued)

The writer is a professor of Security Studies at the Austin Peay State University, Tennessee, USA

Daily Times, Wednesday, July 17, 2013

BOOK REVIEW: Pakistan, a state within a state — II
Pakistan The Garrison State: Origins, Evolutions, Consequences, 1947-2011
Author: Ishtiaq Ahmed
Publisher: Oxford University Press, Karachi; 2013 


Ishtiaq Ahmed's interesting book demonstrates how and why a weak and apolitical army evolved into the most powerful institution in Pakistan, virtually having de facto veto power over politics. It also controls Pakistan's nuclear weapons and formulates its domestic and foreign policies. The circumstances that turned the Pakistan army into one of the most pampered armies in the world and the "custodian of Islam" are interesting. The author has beautifully narrated the story in historical and contemporary perspectives as to how Pakistan has become a Garrison State.

We learn from the book that as the British promoted a "proto-garrison state" in what is Pakistan today, the Cold War also played an important role in the ascendancy of the military in the country; and that Pakistan's "three donors", the US, China and Saudi Arabia, have played important roles in this regard. The author also elucidates as to how from the 1980s onward, hawkish and Islamist officers have been nurturing the concepts of global jihad and Pan-Islamism beyond South Asia. "Along with hard-core Islamists, the hawks began to imagine Pakistan as a great, expansive, regional power extending to western and central Asia and a liberated Kashmir free from Indian occupation," explicates the author (p.4). Ahmed has rightly pointed out that while officially Pakistan spends around 2.6 percent of its GDP on defence or around $ 5.5 billion (compared to India's $ 34 billion), it actually spends much more. In 2009 it spent around 23 percent on defence and only 1.3 percent on health and 7.8 percent on education. The corresponding figures for India are18 percent on defence, 3.4 percent on health and 12.7 percent on education. And that Pakistan's rich and powerful hardly pay any income tax. Relying on Ayesha Siddiqa's data, the author reasserts the fact that a Pakistani general legally acquires assets worth Rs 150 to 400 million.

We know that Pakistan is possibly the worst example of a post-colonial state. After the assassination of Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in October 1951, the bureaucracy literally ran the country until the first military takeover in October 1958. The overdeveloped bureaucracy and military along with a well-entrenched "feudal" aristocracy have been running the country, while the weak and marginalised civil society and further marginalised masses remain subservient. Thanks to the Cold War exigencies, while Islamists flourished, leftist and even liberal democratic opposition have remained weak and disorganised. The author points out that Hamza Alavi ignored the Cold War aspect in the marginalisation of the left and the corresponding rise of Islamist forces in Pakistan. Weak civilian organisations have failed to tackle better-organised armed forces that also carry arms. The military has not only legitimised itself as the custodian of freedom and Islam but has also promoted the culture of mistrust towards democracy and civilians. The military from time to time also projects "internal threats" as the biggest security challenge to Pakistan. The author has aptly suggested that Pakistan's physical distance from the US has been a factor behind the country's enjoying "considerable autonomy" when compared to Latin American countries with regard to US intervention.

This work helps us understand Harold Lasswell's arguments that a) advanced military technology alters the civil-military relations to the advantage of the military; and b) a broad social base rather than the traditional narrow social base of the ruling classes supports the garrison state. Military officers in a garrison state provide a broad range of services besides security. They run the state and its economy; create jobs; and provide other services. Most importantly, they create an "obedient and docile population indoctrinated to believe in the inevitability of war" and the indispensability and superiority of the armed forces. As the author argues, Pakistan has become an ideal Machiavellian garrison state where political Islam being the state ideology has turned the country into the "Fortress of Islam".

The book is very enlightening both for experts and general readers. I find the following expositions by the author very useful that: a) all coup makers justify their action as "unpleasant" but "necessary" for the safety and integration of the country, to protect from internal threats (from politicians); b) as articulated by Asghar Khan, the Pakistan Army was responsible for all the four wars it fought against India. The author has aptly argued that the rationale for the Garrison State lies in the successful manufacture of fear of foreign aggression and fear of internal subversion by civilians in cahoots with politicians, by manipulating the generals. We cannot agree more with the author that: "In addition to the fear of foreign aggression, historical and cultural factors can help generate an ideology of the garrison state." A state needs a "damning narrative about the enemy, a victimhood self-identity, and an imperative to maintain a strong and powerful military." Consequently, as the author argues, in Pakistan "threat perception" rather than "threat" has become the main steering force of statecraft. He has succinctly narrated the history of the failure of civil administration in Pakistan after the assassination of its first Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in 1951.

As the author has elaborated the internal dynamics of "garrison states", he has also discussed the external factors behind such states. He has rightly pointed out the US as the superpower that tolerated and promoted several garrison states besides Pakistan, such as Taiwan, Israel, South Korea and Indonesia during the Cold War. I find the author's following observation very interesting for understanding why countries like Pakistan are under military tutelage: "Pakistan can continue as a post-colonial garrison state as long as the donors are willing to provide it with the required resources, and it can convince or coerce its population that the struggle for survival necessitates prioritisation of the allocation of scarce resources to security and defence."

Last but not least, the author has shattered the myths that only the military is responsible for turning a democracy into a Garrison State. Civilian politicians play an important role in this regard; and that a country under military rule is better able to fight external enemies. Pakistan narrowly survived the 1965 war against India and in the next encounter with India in 1971 it lost its eastern wing. And during both the wars that Pakistan forced on India, generals ran the country.

(Concluded)

The writer is a professor of Security Studies at the Austin Peay State University, Tennessee, USA


PhD (Stockholm University); Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University; and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. Latest publications: Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947-2011), Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2013; The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed: Unravelling the 1947 Tragedy through Secret British Reports and First-Person Accounts (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2012; New Delhi: Rupa Books, 2011). He can be reached at: billumian@gmail.com
Dear All,
This is to share with you my joy at the very fine book presentation ceremony in the House of Lords on 15 July. We meet in Committee Room 2, which can accommodate 60 persons but many more turned up so some had to stand.

Many members of the British parliament and even some descendants of British officers who had served in the Punjab, a cross section of Pakistanis and Indians and even a Sri Lankan gentleman attended the ceremony.
Baroness Shreela Flather, great granddaughter of Sir Ganga Ram, received my book as a symbolic gesture from me to express the gratitude of the citizens of Lahore to her great ancestor who built the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital.

Baroness Flather, veteran honourable member of the House of Lords spoke about her memories of a very peaceful and friendly Lahore which suddenly in a matter of weeks degenerated into a violence torn city and she and her family had to flee from it in May 1947. She has subsequently been to Lahore and said that she was always very well received by the Lahoris and her relations to Lahore remain a permanent bond of love and pride.
Eminent Punjab poet and the leading scholar of Sufi Punjab, Sarwat Mohiuddin travelled all the way from Lahore to speak at the ceremony. In her authoritative address she examined the Sufi roots of the old Punjab and related it to my book and how she found evidence of the Sufi influence permeating the Punjab despite the rioting that took place in 1947.
The next speaker was Dr Arunabha Roy, who presented a Bengali perspective on the partition of the Punjab. He won the heart of everyone in the hall with his extremely perceptive observations and remarks. He admitted that before reading my book he had a very one-sided view of the partition but all that had changed.
Professor Pritam Singh, Oxford Brookes University, a dear old friend then delivered a very animated and stimulating address and related his authoritative views on the role of the state in fomenting and making possible ethnic cleansing and how this was amply confirmed by my research.
In my presentation I explained how the book was conceived and how I went about researching the events in the Punjab of 1947. The great difficulties I encountered and how I overcome them.
Professor Amin Mughal also spoke and told the audience about my Lahore days and radical politics.
The Q and A session was also extremely invgiorating and I thoroughly enjoyed responding to the queries.
Barnoness Flather told me that she had attended many such book launching events in the past but nothing compared to the magic that was produced this time. That was the best compliment I could receive.

It was a great day for me. I know how my friends all over the world share this joy of mine. Thank you to all of you.

Best regards,
Ishtiaq
PhD (Stockholm University); Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University; and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. Latest publications: Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947-2011), Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2013; The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed: Unravelling the 1947 Tragedy through Secret British Reports and First-Person Accounts (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2012; New Delhi: Rupa Books, 2011). He can be reached at: billumian@gmail.com

Religion & Pakistan Army

THIS PHOTOGRAPH AND OTHERS BELOW WERE SENT TO DR ISHTIAQ FOR HIS BOOK BUT IT IS SAD THAT THESE MOST SYMBOLIC PHOTOGRAPHS WERE NOT PUBLISHED IN DR ISHTIAQS BOOK . THE PAKI ARMY HAS TENTACLES IN OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ALSO ! THE ONLY EXCEPTION THAT I TAKE TO DR ISHTIAQS BOOK IS THAT THE CENTRAL FACT THAT PAKISTAN WAS CREATED BY THE BRITISH AS A THIRD RATE FUTURE CHATTEL MILITARY BASE IS NOT DISCUSSED
MAJOR GENERAL AFZAAL ATTENDS MEHFIL I SHABEENA AND THIS PHOTOGRAPH IS PRINTED IN HIS ARMOURED DIVISIONS JOURNAL TO PROPAGATE THAT HE IS A VERY RELIGIOUS MAN- ALL FOR CAREERISM



THIS ARTICLE LACKS PERSPECTIVE AS IT FAILS TO INCORPORATE LASTEST BOOK PAKISTAN THE GARRISON STATE BY DR ISHTIAQ AHMAD







CAREERISM,APPLE POLISHING , STRATEGIC ASSASSINATION AND HISTORY-FLATTERY WILL GET YOU SOMEWHERE




In order for a Guerrilla war to succeed three factors matter.First that the war has an indigenous character , ie it has internal support in the country where it is launched.Second and most important , that it has state actors in support who are determined to support it and who hold the view that they will gain more than what they spend if the guerrilla forces that they support will win the war or destabilize the target state.
A pioneer ISI , commando officer who was the first to train Afghan guerrillas on behalf of the ISI had the following to state about the Afghan War and his experiences:---
"We began with idealistic motives.
Let me clarify that the Afghan by nature is not a fighter of pitched battles.He bargains , manipulates both sides , charges his rent from both sides and rarely fights a pitched battle.Occasional sniping is his style.
The extremely low Russian casualties in Afghan War , 14,000 killed in ten years compare to 60,000 killed in Vietnam prove that there was little fighting on the ground.

Most of the real fighting perforce had to be done by Jihadists brought from Middle East and by Pakistani army regulars and civilian Jihadis recruited from various parts of Pakistan.
We started the affair inspired by real idealism but soon discovered that it was all about money.Zia and his cronies were all from humble background and saw the Afghan war as a personal affair to preserve their illegally usurped power and to amass private fortunes.
I was one of the first to deal with Haqqani who was a third rate average village mullah.Such was the stink emanating from this character that I made him sit in the trucks back body.
It is my conviction that Haqqani network is a Pakistani show.Haqqani without Pakistani protection and support is less respectable than a village cobbler or a village hand.
I regularly went as far as Kabul city , Gardez city and Shindand Air base to carry out raids.
From the beginning the Afghan Mujahids first priority was to make money selling weapons.Jihad we discovered was a misnomer.
I was personally disillusioned with the ISI as a biased sectarian outfit.
Although I stayed on to train Sikhs for India , Kashmiri Mujahideen for India , I was deeply disillusioned.

The dirty game started by Zia destroyed Pakistan and today as I see it our total demise as a state is not far away.All thanks to a promiscuous flirtation with Jihad adopted as a facade to mint money.
Even today the vast bulk of Taliban in Afghanistan are Pakistani proxies.The Afghan part of Taliban are good business men.Afghan war was actually a blessing for both corrupt Afghan Jihadis and their ultra corrupt Pakistani intelligence Jihad masters.The amount of money Afghanistan saw in between 1978 and 1992 and between 2001 and to date is a million times more than all money in circulation in this region from the time of Alexander the Great !
The problem in Afghanistan is simple .It is Pakistani manipulated game with a lot of Saudi and Chinese money flowing in.The Saudis are against Iran and Pakistanis have a feud with India.If the USA can armtwist the Pakistanis and Saudis and tell Indians to behave all will be OK.The main factor in Afghanistan are Pakistanis and taliban are just a petty Pakistani proxy.
When this fact is realised the US can make simple policies.
In Pakistan the US is dealing with Pakistani generals from a lower middle class backgrounds.The Punjabi Muslims as a race have  no martial tradition till the British inducted them in the army.
These people can stand any amount of kicking and this should be foreign policy of any power that wants peace in Afghanistan."
The ISI officer quoted above has chosen to remain anonymous in the interest of his security.
There could have been no Afghan war without Pakistani state support.This was true in 1978 or 1979 and this is true today .
Colonel Salman who was one of the pioneers of Afghan War and trained all the characters starting from Hekmatyar and Masud to Mullah Omar and OBL , standing on the extreme right in 1970.Major Musharraf later General Musharraf on extreme left Colonel Salman my distant relative and close friend is regarded as the Godfather of Afghan , Al Qaeda and Taliban in Af Pak. Salman recounted the Afghan war with pride . He is one who believes that Islamists will ultimately win the ongoing global war between the west and the Islamists.
Salman thinks that the network of Islamists is huge and will prevail ultimately.I do not agree with his assertions but then every man has his or her world view.
The ISI had been involved in various guerrilla wars in neighbouring countries since its establishment.Colonel Sardar Humayun from 25 Cavalry who also trained Lashkar e Tayyaba on behalf of the ISI much later and also raised the Punjab Elite Force in 1990s recounted in 1983 how he had operated in Indian NEFA area with the Naga and Mizo Guerrillas with a heavy spool tape recorder on his back to record the sounds in late 1960s .
ISIs obsession with guerrilla war began in 1971 when the Indians used Mukti Bahini guerrillas in then East Pakistan.The humiliating 1971 defeat left a deep scar on the Pakistani military psyche. Because 1971 had to be avenged ,Islam became the centre theme of Pakstani military system.The common man could only be galvanized in the name of Islam.
Soon after 1971 debacle in 1971 Pakistani military good a second more rude shock when a new guerrilla war started in Pakistani Balochistan.The army nor the special forces were fully trained to fight a guerrilla war on their own soil.
Pakistani state picked up guerrilla war as the central pillar of its foreign policy when Pakistans civilian prime minister sanctioned a guerrilla war in Afghanistan. Colonel Salman then a major and an instructor at the Commando SSG School at Cherat became one of the first teachers of obscure Afghan guerrillas named Ahmad Shah Masood,Gulbaddin Hekmatyar,Gillani and Rabbani.This was 1974.
In 2004 I with great difficulty persuaded my friend and Chairman of Afghanistan Study Centre to publish the article quoted below in the first issue of Journal of Afghanistan Studies.What had happened was now the household truth but people were still afraid to say it in print:-- "In 1973, the then Inspector General of Frontier Corps (IGFC), Brigadier (later Major General) Naseerullah Khan Babar presented a paper on Afghanistan and Pakistani tribal areas. Frontier Corps is a border paramilitary force led by Pakistani army officers seconded to the militia which guard's the country's western borders. The main thrust of the paper was the fear of Soviet hegemony and potential of Afghan providing support to tribes residing in Pakistani territory. In the light of this assessment, an Afghan Cell was created. This was a high level secret group, which included four members - Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Bhutto's advisor on Foreign Affairs Aziz Ahmad, Chief of Army Staff General Tikka Khan and IGFC Babar. Dissidents from Afghanistan were brought to Pakistan where they were put on the payroll of FC and then sent to different locations and trained in handling of small arms and explosives. Babar's two staff officers Colonel Ataur Rahman Kallu and Captain (later Major and a political leader) Aftab Ahmad Khan Sherpao helped Babar in coordination of some of these efforts. In this work, the then head of the Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) detachment in Peshawar, Major (later Brigadier Aslam Bodla) was also brought into the picture. Babar continued to supervise this operation after his retirement from the military when he was appointed governor of North West Frontier Province. Pakistan tried to recruit a small core group from each of the 29 provinces of Afghanistan. They would then go back and recruit more members inside Afghanistan. From 1973-77 about 2000-2500 Afghan dissidents were trained in Pakistan. Pakistanis provided them with Indian guns and explosives to avoid any negative fallout in case of exposure of the plan. (Refers-Love Love Thy Neighbor; Kill Thy Neighbor -Pakistan's Afghan policyBy: Dr. Hamid Hussain Published in first issue of Journal of Afghanistan Studies in July 2004)

6 ARMOURED DIVISION ON TABLEEGHI MISSION NAZIM US SALAAT IN 1984
THE SAME PEOPLE WERE USED TO STAMP BALLOTS OF GENERAL ZIAS BOGUS DECEMBER 1984 REFERENDUM TO LEGALISE HIS RULE
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FhNpokHRFx4/UAETTsfRrdI/AAAAAAAAu0U/_LcyAtvVC5o/s1600/image002-758795.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_WcXygdDssoY/TQzLpzvTV2I/AAAAAAAAAiY/uznIfZD8h3c/s640/5+JULY+1977-766563.jpg



THIS MATTER HAS BEEN DISCUSSED IN GREAT DETAIL IN DR ISHTIAQS BOOK BELOW WHICH WAS RECENTLY PUBLISHED.


AGHA H AMIN

Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origin, Evolution, Consequencec (1947-2011)




Dear All,

The first review of my book, Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947-2011), by Dr Ehsan Ahrari, a US based Defence Expert appeared recently in the  American online, Asia Times. Comments are welcome.

Best regards,
Ishtiaq
PhD (Stockholm University); Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University; and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. Latest publications: Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947-2011), Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2013; The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed: Unravelling the 1947 Tragedy through Secret British Reports and First-Person Accounts (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2012; New Delhi: Rupa Books, 2011). He can be reached at: billumian@gmail.com

Asia Times

SPEAKING FREELY
The garrison state in Pakistan
By Ehsan Ahrari

Speaking Freely is an Asia Times Online feature that allows guest writers to have their say. Please click here if you are interested in contributing.

The high visibility of Pakistan in regional and global affairs is one of the reasons behind the publication of a number of excellent studies explaining the country's internal affairs as well its regional and global strategic maneuvers.

Ishtiaq Ahmed's book, Pakistan the Garrison State , is certainly one such book. Borrowing the concept, "garrison state," from noted American political scientist Harold Lasswell, Ahmed develops an engaging but complex narrative of Pakistan. 

His account starts from the birth of that nation in a highly volatile environment, and brings it forward to 2011. Since the Indian top leadership never accepted Mohammad Ali Jinnah's (founder of Pakistan) "two nation theory" as the basis of partition of British India, the chances of any cooperation between the two resulting states after their birth were minimal, to start with.The outburst of the Kashmir conflict in 1947, almost immediately after their inception as separate nations, dealt a severe blow to the prospects of cooperation between the two countries for several decades.

The notion of a garrison state suits Pakistan to a tee, in the sense that, in such a state, the military not only remains as the most powerful actor, but also frequently becomes the governing entity. It also subsumes the concept of "national security state", where the power elites of the country under discussion are incessantly preoccupied with both external and internal enemies.

In a garrison state, because of the military's (to be precise, the army, since it is the most dominant service in that country) fetish for devouring a substantial portion of the nation's meager but extremely precious capital in order to modernize itself, other vital societal issues - such as investments in developing modern educational institutions, a multifaceted industrial base, and state-of-the-art health care facilities and institutions, etc -are grossly underfunded.

The garrison state also describes a state where internal ideological, sectarian, and ethnic conflicts continue to tear the country apart. Sadly, Pakistan not only contains all of these features, but it incessantly suffers from the acutely deleterious effects stemming from them.

Domestically, Pakistan was never able to develop into a stable democracy. Consequently, its civilian authorities originally (ie, early 1950s) invited the army to intervene when they could not contain domestic violence and disorder. Later on, the army invited itself to become the ruling power of the state, starting with the coup d'etat of General Mohammed Ayub Khan in 1958.

The gross incompetence of Pakistan's army as a governing entity became abundantly clear in the loss of East Pakistan under the military rule of Ayub Khan's successor, General Mohammad Yahya Khan. That tragedy was followed only a few years later by another coup, when the Islamist General Zia ul-Haq, not only overthrew the elected government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in 1976, but also hanged him.

Breaking from the unhappy events that occurred during the Zia regime, the fourth dictator of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf (who captured the reign of government by ousting the elected Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharief in 1999), did not hang any civilian leaders. However, Benazir Bhutto, the prospective prime minister in the then impending elections, was assassinated by Islamist terrorists.

Thus, Pakistan became a country where democratic governance appeared only sporadically and was frequently interrupted by military dictators. Those autocrats will be remembered for their utmost incompetence, except for Zia, who will be remembered for transforming Pakistan - ostensibly irrevocably - into a highly explosive Islamist polity.

Ishtiaq Ahmed's use of garrison state also underscores the notion of "fortress Islam", the rhetoric that the Pakistani military leaders used unsuccessfully to underscore their resolve to snatch the Indian-administered Kashmir from the grip of India's powerful military.

The most disconcerting aspect of that rhetoric is that the Kashmir conflict has been permanently couched as a religious issue dividing the two countries. I say "permanently" because, as far as India is concerned, that conflict was resolved in 1948, and the Line of Control (LOC) separating the armies of those two countries represents the international border between the two countries.

Pakistan's emergence, along with India, as a country possessing nuclear weapons since 1998, is an ominous development for two reasons. First, because the conflict between its indigenous Islamists and the army has only intensified since General Musharraf's myopic decision to use brutal force to end the Islamist occupation of the Lal Masjid (red mosque) in 2007.

The fact that, under Musharraf, that country had become the frontline state fighting America's "global war on terror" was another principal reason underlying the conflict between the Islamists of that country and Pakistan's military. Since 2007, one can easily chart the worsening of that conflict in the form of several military campaigns in the North-West Frontier Province (now named Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and Waziristan.

Second, with the growing attacks of the Islamists on the military bases and other facilities of Pakistan-including the General Headquarters of the army and the headquarters of Pakistan's notoriously brutal Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) has created worldwide anxieties regarding the security of Pakistan's nuclear weapons.

One regularly hears President Barack Obama and other US officials making public statements assuring the world that the Pakistani weapons are safe, while the Pakistani army remains worried about rumors of US-India, Indo-Israeli plans to either attack that country's nuclear plants or snatch its nuclear weapons.

US-Pakistan and Indo-Pakistan ties have been highly dynamic and equally noteworthy features of that country's role as garrison state. Pakistan, along with Saudi Arabia, played a crucial role in enabling the United States to defeat and oust the Soviet Union from Afghanistan in 1989.

Pakistan's growing Islamization in the late 1970s and 1980s, along with the Saudi finances and the China's economic and military support, came in handy for the strategic purposes of the United States-sponsored jihad to win, as it turned out, the Cold War. The Soviet Union imploded only a few years after its humiliating withdrawal from Afghanistan.

However, once the communist superpower was ousted from Afghanistan, the United States folded its tent and left the area, leaving Pakistan to use the Islamist tool of its foreign policy to establish an acutely Islamist regime of the Taliban in Afghanistan. Ironically, it was also Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban that became the place from where Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda terrorist group planned the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States.

Soon after leaving Afghanistan toward the end of the 1980s, the United States also intensified its economic and military sanctions because of Pakistan's not-so-secret program to develop nuclear weapons. The garrison state, though it was devastated by this decision, continued not only to survive, but went ahead with a firm resolve to develop its nuclear weapon. That determination was also mixed with a sense of urgency to develop its own existential nuclear deterrence against India.

The highly turbulent nature of the Indo-Pakistan ties is the fuel that has been driving the Pakistan army's India-centric nuclearization objectives, as well as the modalities of its force deployments. Pakistan has always had deep anxieties that India was not happy about the partition and would go to any extreme to unravel Pakistan. The Indo-Pak war of 1971 over East Pakistan left no doubt in the minds of Pakistani generals about India's "evil" designs toward Pakistan.

Consequently, Pakistan has not only acquired nuclear weapons of its own, but also has consistently refused to extend the "no first use doctrine" toward India. India, on the contrary, has offered that doctrine to Pakistan. More to the point, the focus of India's nuclear doctrine is primarily aimed at the PRC. However, from time to time, India has amassed troops along the Line of Control in response to terrorist attacks from Pakistan-based Islamist groups.

As an added response to such terrorist attacks, India has also publicized such warfighting doctrines as "the doctrine of limited war" and the "Cold Start doctrine", thereby further convincing the Pakistan army that India remains the foremost security threat to their country.

US-Pakistan ties suffered another jolt when the lone superpower decided to establish a strategic partnership with its archenemy, India. The process started during the so-called "strategic dialogue" that the United States began with both India and Pakistan. However, the US-India rounds of those negotiations proceeded quite fruitfully, from the strategic perspectives of India.

Pakistan felt neglected and marginalized, and its attempts to negotiate a similar arrangement with the lone superpower got nowhere. When President Barack Obama entered the White House in 2008, the US-Pakistan differences stemming Obama's Afghan war and his Af-Pak strategy became a constant source of escalating differences and irritation between Washington and Islamabad.

The notion of a garrison state is quite useful in underscoring the struggle between the civilian and military ruling elites to gain the reins of the government and to keep the other side from taking it away. However, the resignation of General Pervez Musharraf in 2008, and the subsequent return of civilian rule in Pakistan could indeed be viewed as a distant promise of the weakening of the garrison state.

Such a promise faced a setback, in the wake of a highly inept performance of the Pakistan Peoples Party-dominated civilian government. Even if the civilian government of Pakistan were to establish a reasonably decent record of good governance, the Pakistani army still would have remained as a chief threat to the long-term prevalence of civilian control of the government.

For the first time since the unhappy history of Pakistan, the civilian government was allowed to complete its term of office. With the next general election that is scheduled for May 2013, there is a strong hope that civilian rule will prevail there for the foreseeable future.

Still, one must continue to think about the ways to dismantle the garrison state in that country. The continuation of civilian rule in Pakistan will be an auspicious development toward that end. The second one will be the success of civilian leaders to negotiate with their Indian counterparts a political solution to the Kashmir conflict, which, in reality, means acceptance of the Indian stand that the Line of Control is, indeed, the de facto international border between the two warring nations. What that means is that Pakistan should swallow the bitter pill and accept that reality, and look toward negotiating some sort of autonomy for Kashmir along the same line, as was done by General Musharraf with the Indian government in 2006.

The control of nuclear weapons is another important symbol of power in Pakistan. However, that authority is not likely to be given up by the army anytime soon. Still, one cannot rule out the likelihood that the future leaders of that entity might be forced to consider that possibility, if or when the civilian authorities propose an institutional arrangement that either complements the present system of national security council, or radically transforms it in favor of civilian leadership.

All of these developments are likely to happen only if the next election in Pakistan results in the election of a competent corps of civilian politicians. Pakistan's army has enough trouble trying to de-Islamitize its own ranks and to fight the militant Islamists groups inside its borders while ensuring that Pakistan's quest for sustaining its own version of strategic parity with India is not seriously jeopardized by "rising" India's most visible resolve to become a great power with its own powerful military to boot.

Under a democratic and stable Pakistan, it is likely to be persuaded to transform its role from a praetorian guard to a truly professional entity. That will only happen if the garrison state of that country is at least palpably dismantled.

Ehsan Ahrari, PhD, an Independent Defense Consultant, is a specialist in great power relations and transnational security who resides in Alexandria, VA, USA. He has 20 years of experience teaching in various senior military educational institutions, including the US Air War College, Joint Forces Staff College of the National Defense University, and the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. He has consulted with and briefed top officials of USCENTCOM and USPACOM. His latest book on great power relations entitled, The Great Powers and the Hegemon, was published by Palgrave-Macmillan in November 2011.

Speaking Freely is an Asia Times Online feature that allows guest writers to have their say. Please click here if you are interested in contributing. Articles submitted for this section allow our readers to express their opinions and do not necessarily meet the same editorial standards of Asia Times Online's regular contributors. 

(Copyright 2013 Ehsan Ahrari) 

Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origin, Evolution, Consequencec (1947-2011)




Dear All,

Last month in a moment of exuberance I announced the publication of my new book. That was wrong as I had not noticed that it was then on the forthcoming list. It is now on the new arrival list. THE BOOK IS NOW A FACT and is available at OUP. Soon it should be available online worldwide as well.

Best regards,

Ishtiaq
The writer has a PhD from Stockholm University. He is a Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University. He is also Honorary Senior Fellow of the Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. His latest publication is: The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed: Unravelling the 1947 Tragedy through Secret British Reports and First-Person Accounts (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2012; New Delhi: Rupa Books, 2011). He can be reached at: billumian@gmail.com




Description
This study seeks to solve the following puzzle: In 1947, the Pakistan military was poorly trained and poorly armed. It also inherited highly vulnerable territory vis-à-vis the much bigger India, aggravated because of serious disputes with Afghanistan. Defence and security were therefore issues that no Pakistan government, civil or military, could ignore. The military did not take part in politics directly until 1958, although it was called upon to restore order in 1953 in the Punjab province. Over the years, the military, or rather the Pakistan Army, continued to grow in power and influence, and progressively became the most powerful institution. Moreover, it became an institution with de facto veto powers at its disposal to overrule other actors within society including elected governments. Simultaneously, it began to acquire foreign patrons and donors willing to arm it as part of the Cold War competition (the United States), regional balance-of-power concerns (China), and ideological contestants for leadership over the Muslim world (Saudi Arabia, to contain Iranian influence). A perennial concern with defining the Islamic identity of Pakistan, exacerbated by the Afghan jihad, resulted in the convergence of internal and external factors to produce the 'fortress of Islam' self-description that became current in the early twenty-first century. Over time, Pakistan succumbed to extremism and terrorism within and was accused of being involved in similar activities within the South Asian region and beyond. Such developments have been ruinous to Pakistan's economic and democratic development. The following questions are posed to shed further light:
1. What is the relationship between the internal and external factors in explaining the rise of the military as the most powerful institution in Pakistan?
2. What have been the consequences of such politics for the political and economic development in Pakistan?
3. What are the future prospects for Pakistan?
A conceptual and theoretical framework combining the notion of a post-colonial state and Harold Lasswell's concept of a garrison state is propounded to analyse the evolution of Pakistan as a fortress of Islam.
About the Author / Editor
Ishtiaq Ahmed was born in Lahore on 24 February 1947. He received a PhD in Political Science from Stockholm University in 1986. He taught at Stockholm University from 1987 to 2007, and was then invited as Senior Research Fellow and Visiting Research Professor by the Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore, during 2007–2010. He is now Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. He has published extensively on Pakistani and South Asian politics. His research interests cover fields as diverse as political Islam, ethnicity and nationalism, human and minority rights, and, indeed, partition studies.
Hardback
508 pages
ISBN: 9780199066360
Price: Rs.1,295.00


Dear All,

Please forgive my indulgence,  I thought some pictures with the new book are permissible. I received one copy by express DHL mail today. I am convinced the findings I present and the argument I advance will not go unnoticed.
Best regards,
Ishtiaq
PhD and Professor Emeritus, Political Science, Stockholm University; and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. Latest publications: Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origin, Evolution, Consequencec (1947-2011), Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2013;  The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed: Unravelling the 1947 Tragedy through Secret British Reports and First-Person Accounts (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2012; New Delhi: Rupa Books, 2011). He can be reached at: billumian@gmail.com

The Development of Taliban Factions in Afghanistan and Pakistan: A Geographical Account, February 2010
Amin, Agha , Osinski, David J. , & DeGeorges, Paul Andre



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Military Leadership





Taliban war in Afghanistan



Atlas and History of Wars


THE ESSENTIAL CLAUSEWITZ


 
USA,ISI,AL QAEDA and TALIBAN-Setting Straight Bruce Riedels Strategic Narrative


1971 War


Mans Role in History



How a private English Company conquered a sub continent



Atlas of a great tank battle



Atlas of a bloody Indian Pakistan battle



A forgotten and  Bloody British Failure



The Pakistani Tank Divisions Failure in 1965



Second  World Wars Forgotten History



How Indian Army saved France and Suez Canal




 Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-59 Reinterpreted


PAKISTAN ARMY THROUGH EYES OF PAKISTANI GENERALS



 





bigger picture of the Benghazi story- if this is accurate - very disconcerting.-Benghazi explained: Interview with an "Intelligence Insider"

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0
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FYI - sent to me by Big Glen - if this is accurate - very disconcerting.
 


It  provides a bigger picture of the Benghazi story.
canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/51346
                                                                                       
Hagman Canada Free Press Nov 2012 Benghazi explained Interview with an Intelligence Insider
Benghazi explained: Interview with an "Intelligence Insider"


By Doug Hagmann (Bio and Archives) Thursday, November 29, 2012 | Print friendly | Subscribe | Email 


Benghazi: Behind the scenes (Part II)
PART 1
This is part one of a multi-part interview with a government insider intimately familiar with the events that took place in Benghazi. In this part, he provides important background, and explains this administration is engaged in a massive cover-up.
DH: It's been a while since we've discussed Benghazi. What have you heard lately?
II: Before I answer that, I want to get a few things off my chest. Every politician, whether it's a congressman senator, diplomat, or their spokespeople and the media are lying to the American public every time they call the location of the attack a consulate. It was not. There was absolutely no diplomatic consulate in Benghazi. None. Words are important here. They can create a wrong image, an incorrect picture of what was really going on. The property where our Ambassador and other Americans were murdered was a rented villa consisting of a primary residence with a couple of outbuildings behind the actual house. The reason they're still calling it a consulate is to subtly divert any questions about our activities there.
DH: Let's go over this again; exactly what was taking place at Benghazi?
II: As I said, the place where the attack happened is one of the largest, one of the most active CIA operation centers in North Africa, if not in the entire Middle East. It was not a diplomatic station. It was a planning and operations center, a logistics hub for weapons and arms being funneled out of Libya. Unlike the embassy in Tripoli, there was limited security in Benghazi. Why? So the operation did not draw attention to what was going on there.
DH: So in reality there were no actual security issues?
II: Oh yes, there were, in Tripoli. Diplomatic cables show that. But it was for the embassy in Tripoli, the Ambassador and the diplomatic staff in general, not specifically for the Benghazi location for two reasons. First, the Benghazi location was a CIA operation, not a diplomatic one. Visible security at that location would draw unwanted attention there. They had to blend in. Remember, the villa was located in a somewhat residential area, sort of like the suburbs. Secondly, additional manpower was not needed there, at this CIA center, as the operation was already winding down.
DH: I know you've gone over this before, but let's get into the specifics of the operation at Benghazi.
II: Good, I want to be clear. After Gaddafi was taken out, there was the matter of his weapons and arms that were hidden all over Libya, including chemical weapons - gas weapons. According to Obama and Hillary Clinton, we were in Libya to collect and destroy these weapons to make for a 'safer' Libya. That's what they were telling the American public. That's not really what was going on, though, and it seems like all of the other nations except the average American knew it. Anyway, you can find pictures and videos of weapons caches being destroyed, but that is strictly for the public's consumption.
What was really happening, before Gaddafi's body was even cold, is that we had people locating caches of weapons, separating the working from those that weren't, and making a big show of destroying the weapons, but only the weapons that were useless. The working weapons were being given to Islamic terrorists. They were being funneled through Libya, crisscrossing Libya on a Muslim Brotherhood managed strategic supply route. In fact, Michael Reagan called it the modern day equivalent of the Ho Chi Minh Trail in a recent article he wrote, and he is correct.
The entire arms and weapons running operation was headquartered in Benghazi, The weapons were actually being shipped out of Libya from the port city of Dernah, located about a hundred miles east of Benghazi. That was the 'choke point' of the weapons being shipped out. Remember the Lusitania? Think in those terms, ships carrying weapons hid among 'humanitarian aid.' By the time of the attacks, an estimated 30-40 million pounds of arms were already transported out of Libya.
From there, the weapons were being sent to staging areas in Turkey near the Syrian border, for use by the Free Syrian Army and other ragtag terrorist groups to fight against Assad. The objective was and still is to destabilize the Assad government.
Why Syria, why not Iran?
II: It's both, but Syria is the primary target here for this operation. First, look at the bigger picture, look at the so-called "Arab Spring." Who benefits and by default, who doesn't? Who is the architect for what's going on throughout the Middle East and North Africa? Whose agenda is being implemented? To specifically address Benghazi, though, look at the bigger picture here and what is trying to be accomplished.
The Obama administration is playing the role of Saudi Arabia's private army. I think if Americans knew this, they would be outraged. Our service men and women are being sold out as mercenaries for the wants and desires of the Royal family, for the Saudi's interests. It's about religious dominance and oil. Who is really benefitting from, say, what's going on in Egypt? Mubarek is out, and the Muslim Brotherhood is in. Who does that benefit? Saudi Arabia.
Look at what we see happening in Egypt. Destabilization. Do you think the Russians want that? Hell no. Syria is Russia's red line in the sand, as you earlier wrote. If Syria is lost to the Muslim Brotherhood by the actions of Obama, Hillary Clinton and others in this administration, what happens? Well, it will have an adverse impact on Russia from a military standpoint. They will likely lose access to their Mediterranean deep water port in Syria, which is Tartus.
But think further - three dimensionally. Russia is still the world's largest oil producer, and that's Russia's primary source of income. Then there's Turkey, adjacent to Syria. A large amount of Russian oil and gas, consumed by the West, flows through Turkey, which is also a player in this operation.
So, the destabilization of Syria which is exactly what Obama and Clinton are trying to do, presents a direct military and economic threat to Russia. Assad at least has kept things in check in Syria. Can you imagine Assad being replaced by someone like Morsi? That would strike at the very heart of Russia's economic health and military capabilities. Think of what's at stake here. Do Americans want a regional war? World War III? Has Obama or Clinton asked the American people if this is what they want?
Make no mistake, we are doing the bidding for Saudi Arabia. The U.S., NATO and other allies are engaged in a proxy war with Iran and Russia.
What about Assad's war crimes?
Assad is no angel, but don't be fooled by the death toll attributed to him. Now this is important. Remember the first Gulf War? In the run up to Desert Storm, a young woman testified before the Human Rights Caucus - she only testified under her first name, which was Nayirah. Remember that she testified that Iraqi soldiers were taking infants from incubators in Kuwait, leaving them to die? Her testimony was supposedly confirmed by Amnesty International. Her testimony went viral, and every war hawk in the U.S. government cited her testimony, saying we needed to right the wrongs, the inhumanity. It was all one big lie!
After Desert Storm, it was revealed that Nayirah's last name was Al-Sabah, and she was the daughter of the Kuwaiti ambassador to the United States. Her testimony was part of a publicity campaign organized by Citizens for a Free Kuwait, which was run by Hill & Knowlton, a PR firm out of New York. People must learn the back story.
So we see a body count attributed to Assad. Who's doing the killing, Assad's people? Maybe at times, but the Free Syrian Army and other groups are doing most of the slaughter. It's one huge 'false flag' operation and the media is selling it hard. And Americans are buying it, just like the testimony of the girl from Kuwait.
It's one big lie being told by Obama, Clinton, Rice, and others. Many Americans are buying the lie, and the media is selling the lie. The people behind this are laughing at us. Don't you get it? They're laughing at us.
And do you want to know what's at stake? Four Americans were killed in Benghazi. Forty thousand have been killed so far in Syria. Tens of thousands of Syrian people have become refugees. Why? For what? To advance the agenda of Saudi Arabia. For oil.
You know, the so-called right wing establishment were all up in arms about Obama's submissive bow to the Saudi King. Where are they now? Where's the outrage that the body count will be much greater than Forty thousand? It is anticipated that if the Obama plan succeeds, not only will America be committed to yet another war, but the body count
could be as high as FOUR MILLION. Christians, among others, will be slaughtered. This could trigger a third world war, it's that serious.
What are Russia and Iran doing? Certainly, they must be fighting back.
Benghazi was a strike against us, the Obama-Clinton agenda. A visible strike, and I'll explain more about this shortly, because there are events I will point out that will put it all into perspective. But think of it this way. How did we successfully collapse the Soviet Union? I mean, what was the last straw? We attacked their currency - the Ruble. They're still stinging from that, and Putin was in the KGB at the time. Do you think he forgot about that?
So, how do, or will Russia and Iran strike back if Obama and Clinton continue this insanity? Militarily? Possibly in regional conflicts, but to take us out, to stop us, what is the one area where we are very vulnerable? It's our economy - our dollar. What's our dollar tied to? Not gold or silver anymore, and some say it's not tied to anything. Well, that's not quite correct. It's tied to OIL. The free-flow of oil.
Oil transactions everywhere in the world, including Russia and China, are made with U.S. dollars. We buy their oil with our dollars, and they return with those same paper dollars and employ Americans by buying our goods and services. As Michael Reagan wrote: "[t]his system is also crucial to the security of our diplomatic and legal infrastructure, which is ultimately backed by our military. It's the core of our foreign policy." He also wrote that "any attack on the free flow of oil is an attack on the dollar. Any attack on the dollar is an attack on our ability to project power and protect Western democracies, economies, and ideals. God have mercy on us all if that attack is successful!"
Tomorrow Part II
Benghazi: Behind the scenes (Part II)
By Doug Hagmann (Bio and Archives) Friday, November 30, 2012
Author's note: This is part two of a multi-part interview with a government insider intimately familiar with the events that took place in Benghazi. It is important to note that the information contained in this series was developed from interviews that spanned over 100 hours. In this part, the insider provides information about the events of the attack and the continuation of the cover-up at the highest levels of our government. (For Part I, please click here).
We've heard different accounts and different timelines concerning the attack at Benghazi. What exactly happened?
First, people must understand that the compound that was attacked was situated in a somewhat rural area and was not a consulate, but a rented villa, or a residential structure. The residence was the primary building, and what has been referred to as the annex was located about 1800 feet away as the crow flies, but just over a mile to travel by road. And again, visible security was not present as the compound was the headquarters for a covert operation. No one wanted to draw attention to what was taking place at this location.
The first indications of problems there began at least twelve-(12) hours before the first shot was even fired. One of the men at the compound observed a policeman or Libyan security officer taking photographs outside of the villa. Keep in mind that Ambassador Stevens, the point man in this Obama-sanctioned weapons running operation, was hastily scheduled to meet with the Turkish consul general at this location. The meeting was deliberately planned for dinner time, toward evening, when the events that happened next could be performed under the cover of darkness.
It's also important to consider the location of this meeting. Tripoli is the seat of power in Libya, and a genuine diplomatic meeting could more safely have been conducted there, at the embassy. Also, what most people don't know is that Libya is split, much like East and West Germany before the wall. The eastern part is more closely aligned with the Muslim Brotherhood, the same group that controls Egypt. The Turkish consul general had to meet there, not just with Stevens but with other factions involved in this covert operation.
Now I'll digress for a moment. It is reasonable to ask whether the Turkish consul general was setting Stevens up for a hit, like a classic mob-style hit. First, there is no dispute that there was surveillance done at 6:30 a.m. and intermittently throughout the day. Next, consider that three hours before the first shot was fired, about 6:30 p.m. local time, some strange things were observed taking place near the compound. Military type vehicles began closing of the streets with trucks that had 50 caliber guns mounted on them. Checkpoints on the streets and at intersections were being quietly closed off around the compound. Nearby residents began going inside their homes. Anyone walking in the area got off
the streets, like a scene from a movie in the Godfather series. It was obvious that the stage was being set for a strike against the compound. This alone reveals preplanning and coordination.
It's also noteworthy to point out that the Turkish counsel general most likely passed through one or more of these checkpoints, or at least would have noticed that things were not right in the area. You must remember that just as Stevens was previously CIA working under diplomatic cover, the Turkish counsel general was his counterpart. It's typical spy-versus-spy stuff.
Also consider this. One of the men stationed at the compound, a British national, left the compound at about 9:20 p.m., reportedly to get more phone cards. That's right, phone cards, like you would buy at Walmart. Why? Because the men at the compound ran out of minutes. Just who do you think they were talking to that day to burn through the minutes, and why do you think they needed them at that exact time?
They were using the phones as a last and perhaps only line of communications to provide assessments of the strange things going on earlier. They knew that something was being planned and they were conveying that information - their observations to those who could assist them, in Tripoli and DC.
Based on these activities, it is clear that the men at the compound suspected that they were in trouble long before the first shot was ever fired. They were calling anyone who would listen, or who should have listened. We knew trouble was brewing and no one responded in any meaningful way.
Could the man who left to buy more phone cards have known what was about to take place?
Well, it's possible, but there is no indication of that.
Was the Turkish counsel general in on this, to set Stevens up?
Well, what have we heard from our government? Has anyone even bothered to interview him? What did he say? Don't forget, this administration decided to handle this attack as a crime and not a terrorist attack. How long did it take for the FBI to be able to access the 'crime scene' after the attack? More importantly, what was left at the 'crime scene' to examine by the FBI due to this delay? Do you think the delay was accidental?
Do you know what was discussed, or the reason for the meeting between Stevens and the Turkish consul general?
Yes, I know some key points. First, keep in mind what this arms running operation was all about. It was to topple Assad and replace him with a Muslim Brotherhood leader. It was to destabilize Syria to advance the agenda of Saudi Arabia. They were using U.S. and NATO forces to do exactly that.
However, Assad is no Gaddafi, and there is no comparison between Assad's army and the Libyan army. It would take much more than rebels inside Syria to topple Assad. There is no way on earth that the Syrian rebels, or Free Syrian Army, has the capability to accomplish this objective alone. It required U.S. assistance, arms and training.
Now, Turkey is a NATO ally. They were assisting the Obama-Clinton-Saudi plan to funnel weapons ultimately to Syria, but the primary staging areas for these weapons were in Turkey near the Syrian border. Visual surveillance by Russia, using satellites and other means amassed photographic documentation of the U.S. assisting the 'anti-Assad rebels' inside Turkey. They developed evidence of the U.S. training these rebels and assisting them into Syria to fight against Assad.
Think about this. What if surveillance images observed anti-Assad rebels being trained to handle and mount chemical weapons - gas shells - onto rockets? The process would be apparent and would obviously be detected by a number of visual indicators. Obviously, Syria wanted this to stop. By extension, so did Russia.
One aspect of the weapons plan was to set up a false flag operation to make it appear that Assad used chemical weapons against his own people. Imagine the outcry from the civilized world to the news that Assad 'gassed' his own people. That would be an invitation to NATO and the West to openly intervene. Don't forget about the timing of all of this. Two months before the elections, and time was running out. The job of taking out Assad was not yet complete. Such an event would quickly advance this agenda. By this time, however, being caught and placed in a rather unenviable position between Russia and the U.S., the Turkish consul general was in a 'CYA, clean-up' mode, assuring that none of the chemical weapons that might have still been in Libya were headed for Turkey.
It is also important to understand that the covert weapons running operation was just about finished. An estimated 40 million pounds of weapons were already shipped from Libya, and things were winding down.
There was another issue as well, a very important and telling one. Seven members of the Iranian Red Crescent had been kidnapped or snatched from the streets of Benghazi on or about July 31, 2012. Again you must understand that virtually anyone walking on the streets of Benghazi not indigenous to the area are spies. Covert operatives, operating under various covers. From all nations.
Along with the message that the weapons running operation was compromised, the Iranians had good reason to suspect that the 'Red Crescent workers' were snatched by the CIA or with their assistance. Iran wanted them back. They were spies, and countries want their spies back! So part of the meeting was to address this, as there was pressure by Russia against a wavering Turkey to switch sides. Anyway, you'll see how this ties in to the way the actual attack was executed.
Please continue.
So at 9:30 pm local time, the compound began to take on small arms fire. Based on all reports I've reviewed, there were three twelve-man attack teams armed with small arms, RPGs, and other sophisticated military style weapons. These were not run-of-the-mill street weapons, but military issued type weapons. The types of weapons alone scream that this was a preplanned attack.
Eyes on the area [author's note: satellites, surveillance drones] confirmed that two of these teams surrounded the villa and the annex. The third team was elsewhere, lying in wait. The two teams began their assault on the compound where Stevens was inside about an hour after the Turkish counsel general left. Remember, he had to pass the checkpoints after the meeting. Just keep that in mind.
Anyway, we all know now that there was an intense firefight that lasted nearly nine hours during which four Americans, Ambassador Chris Stevens, Sean Smith, Glen Dougherty and Tyrone Woods were killed. And of course that attack was not over a video and there were no protests before the attack.
Now there are questions that are not being asked. The two well-armed 'hit teams' had the capability to reduce the compound and annex to rubble quickly. Why a protracted firefight? There are a couple of reasons.
First, what was the makeup of the 'hit teams,' or who were the attackers? We have verified that the attackers were a combination of members of Ansar al Sharia and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), but they were operating under the flag of Ansar al Sharia. Who is Ansar al Sharia? Iranian terrorists. They are a terrorist group that receives their training by and funding from Iran. Now think about this. Carefully consider the implications here. IRAN. It's the elephant in the room no one wants to mention or talk about.
The attack on our ambassador and our people - Americans - was an attack by Iran. It was an attack at a nation-state level.
AQIM also assisted. They are indigenous to Africa and are extremely dangerous. AQIM is a very 'elite' and extremely well-funded group, and very limited in number. Our last assessment suggests that there are only 400 or so members, but they are very influential across Africa and into South and Central America and Western Europe. Their importance and relevance will become evident shortly.
The reason that they did not just take out the compound and everything and everyone in it is that they were looking for their spies. Remember the Red Crescent workers? The Iranian spies? They suspected that they might be held at the annex. As such, they wanted to free them and did not want to risk killing them.
Oh, and there were others 'missing' as well. AQIM members. These were terrorists involved in drug running operations from the Tri-border (TBA) areas of South America through North Africa and into Western Europe. By the way, this is the way they made their money. Drugs sell at higher profits in Western Europe than elsewhere, so there is money to be made. The problem is that some of them got caught—snatched up in Benghazi and northeastern Libya.
Now regarding AQIM, this has a direct connection not only to South America, but also to Mexico and Mexican drug gangs. You think that what's going on in Libya is just 'over there,' and far away from the U.S. and has nothing to do with our safety and security? Think again, but more on this in a bit.
There's also another reason. The hit teams fully expected rescue teams from the U.S. to be dispatched to the compound. Certainly, calls for help went out. By waiting for the back-up or rescue forces, a surprise assault by the other 'hit team' team would have exposed our forces to possible causalities and turned the event into a much bigger event where the actual nature of the operation could be exposed to the world. Instead of being a cover-up for which they have yet to be held accountable, it would have been an international incident that would have exposed the entire affair.
So the Ansar al Sharia attack groups deliberately conducted a protracted assault on the compound. Just imagine, our men and even the bad guys never expected team Obama would leave our people twisting in the wind, fighting for their lives. That alone should speak volumes to every American.
As daylight approached, they had to wrap things up so they could disappear under the cover of darkness. Oh, and the crowds that are often cited by this administration, did form in the area as the attack progressed, much like a growing mob in riot. They provided the fog, or the cover, that permitted the attackers to escape amid the crowd.
You mentioned the missing Iranian Red Crescent workers and members of AQIM. Were they ever released or found?
Yes, and this is an extremely important part of this entire story. This reaches into the highest levels of our government. This is so very important that it must be addressed separately.
So the attack was first and the crowd came later. I noted that the administration said that there were protests going on at the Embassy in Cairo at the same time and they compared it to Benghazi.
Yes, that's their cover story and they know that there is absolutely no comparison. This is one huge lie that is easily addressed and put out of its misery.
How soon did U.S. intelligence officials know who was responsible for the attack?
Almost immediately, if not concurrent with the attack. Every part of that area is under active aerial surveillance by the U.S. There was SIGINT or communication intercepts at the time of the attack. Then, there was even an admission by the attackers. Obama knew. Hillary knew. Clapper knew. Everyone knew, expect the American people. And you know what? The American media knew as well.
I heard a statement that they did not admit knowledge to avoid alerting the perpetrators.
Yes, it was said that Rice and others did not want to alert the 'bad guys' or tip their hand or some such nonsense, but did that mean that Susan Rice, for example, had to appear on national television and lie to every one of us, to the country? In my opinion, Rice took on the temporary job of propaganda minister for a day in exchange for a shot at Secretary of State in the future.
You are painting quite a dire picture.
It gets worse, much worse, and it involves real threats across the globe and even to us here in the United States. But it's all because of our actions, the covert weapons running from Libya to Syria by way of Turkey at the direction of Barack Obama and his Saudi 'handlers.'
FORTY THOUSAND men, women and children are dead in Syria as a direct result of this attempt at nation building, or tearing down Assad. There are four dead Americans. We are arming some of the very people who are killing our troops. Not only are we on the wrong side of this, we are actively pushing the world to the precipice of World War III.
We are engaged in a real war here with Iran and Syria and by extension, with Russia and China. And we are being lied to about it every step of the way. And the lies are getting worse, but so are the attempts to stop the truth from getting out.
What do you mean?
What do you think the recent directive issued by Obama, the one you wrote about 'insider threats,' is all about? Obama does not want the American people to know the truth about what is going on. He's doubled down to stop leaks, like this. But you know what? He just might be too late, because we're not done here. I'm not done talking, and there's much more that needs to be exposed.
Copyright © Douglas J. Hagmann and Canada Free Press
Douglas J. Hagmann and his son, Joe Hagmann host The Hagmann & Hagmann Report, a live Internet radio program broadcast each weeknight from 8:00-10:00 p.m. ET.
Douglas Hagmann, founder & director of the Northeast Intelligence Network, and a multi-state licensed private investigative agency. Doug began using his investigative skills and training to fight terrorism and increase public awareness through his website.
Doug can be reached at: director@homelandsecurityus.com
Older articles by Doug Hagmann

BBC Urdu review of my book

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Dear All,

Mr Saqlain Imam has done a superb review of my Punjab Partition book for the BBC Urdu Service. The only slight discrepancy is that he has uploaded the cover of the India edition of my book when the BBC received the Oxford edition. However, both are identical and so no geat harm done. Please read it on the following: http://www.bbc.co.uk/urdu/entertainment/2013/08/130801_book_review_zz.shtml

Best Regards,

Dr Ishtiaq Ahmed

Visiting Professor, LUMS, Pakistan; Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University; and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. Latest publications: Winner of the Best Non-Fiction Book award at the Karachi Literature Festival: The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed), Oxford, 2012; and, Pakistan: The Garrison State, Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947-2011), Oxford, 2013.  He can be reached at: billumian@gmail.com


Record shows Abbottabad OBL RAID Commission was penetrated by CIA

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A SENIOR ISI RETIRED OFFICER I KNOW THINKS THAT THE PRESENT PAKISTAN ARMY LOT BARRING FEW CAN GO TO ANY EXTENT TO PLEASE THE AMERICANS.

AGHA H AMIN






A JOINT CIA ISI RAID ON OSAMA FOR OBAMAS 2012 ELECTION WIN

PAKISTANS DAILY NATION A NEWSPAPER KNOWN FOR BEING CLOSE TO THE ARMY AND A PARTICULARY RIGHT WING PAPER ACKNOWLEDGED PAKISTANI MILITARY NVOLVEMENT IN THE KAKUL RAID
THIS SHOULD DISMISS ALL PAKISTANI OFFICIAL LIES THAT PAKISTANI MILITARY OR PAKISTANI STATE WAS AN INNOCENT SPINSTER WHO KNEW NOTHING ABOUT THIS WICKED US RAID !!!!!
HA HA HA
AGHA.H AMIN



Man would indeed be in a poor way if he had to be restrained by fear of punishment and hope of reward after death."  --
Albert Einstein !!!




POSTING THIS ARTICLE  BELOW MAY NOT NECESSARILY MEAN ENDORSEMENT OF VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THE ARTICLE

AGHA H AMIN



 
 
Umar Cheema
Friday, August 02, 2013 
From Print Edition
 
 
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ISLAMABAD: A mind-blowing detail has emerged from the internal correspondence of NGO Save the Children disclosing its infiltration into the Abbottabad Commission to save its skin following allegations of the CIA's penetration into the NGO in a hunt for Osama bin Laden through Dr Shakil Afridi, now under arrest in Peshawar.

 

"Some of us suspected that the khakis had access to the record and receive daily updates but never realised an NGO had infiltrated too," said an official privy to the Commission's working.

 

The leaked communication indicates that Lt Gen (retd) Nadeem Ahmed, an unofficial representative of the Army and ISI in the Commission, was allegedly cultivated by Save the Children who would offer him 'how-to-do' bailout advice, even sharing details about the internal politics of the Commission and classified record, something in radical contradiction to his reputation as a thorough professional and a man of integrity.

 

He briefed the deputy country director of Save the Children, according to the email, about the views of different members, staunch opposition from a panel colleague, Ashraf Jehangir Qazi, resulting in his dissenting note on the NGO and other institutions, and Gen (retd) Nadeem's plan to effectively counter this note in collaboration with Justice (R) Javed Iqbal, the Chairman.

 

Another member, Abbas Khan, was neither willing to sign the report in its current shape, discloses email record, nor wanted to put a dissenting note hence decided to prolong his stay in the US where he went on the 'pretext of medical ground'.

 

More alarmingly, the NGO was granted access to the Commission's report well before it was sent to the prime minister. Save the Children had uninterrupted access to the four drafts prepared in June 2012 by the members including the chairman, email record available with The News indicates. All favours granted to Save the Children on behalf of the Commission were in clear breach of public trust raising question marks about the integrity of the members.

 

The chairman of the NGO, Save the Children, was contacted by The News. He initially agreed to meet but later stopped taking calls and did not respond to messages sent to him.Nadeem also felt confident, the email record shows, that he would be able to convince the panel with the answers given by the NGO and urge his colleagues to go by the facts presented by Save the Children instead of believing on the contents of Afridi's statement.

 

Gen (R) Nadeem also advised the NGO, an email of the country director reads, to fight the expulsion of our expatriate as otherwise the ISI would move quickly to close down the country programme before the Commission report comes out.

 

The NGO has neither denied the email record and the contents it carried (when shown by The News for seeking version) nor offered specific comments but that: "Our assistance to the Abbottabad Commission and its members including Gen Nadeem was within the legal parameters and Abbottabad Commission mandate to find facts."

 

Nadeem was not available for comments, however, his close aide termed the allegations as utterly "rubbish and non-sense" when comments were sought after showing the email record

 

A transcript of internal wrangling: Muhammad Hassan Noor Saadi, deputy country director of Save the Children, met Gen (R) Nadeem on November 20, 2012 that followed his email to four senior colleagues. The report was primarily compiled by 'our friend', his email reads, and was endorsed by the Chairman but one of the members, Ashraf Qazi, was not in agreement with them. He wrote a dissenting note criticising Chairman Justice (R) Javed Iqbal and Gen (R) Nadeem 'for being soft on certain institutions (including Save the Children).'

 

The Commission could not issue the report with that note and therefore now they are working on developing counter arguments on the note, read the email. The Commission needs to have a lot of comments removed from the note before it is in a shape that allows the report to be shared, the email continues, otherwise it can jeopardize the integrity of the members of the Commission. Justice (R) Javed Iqbal and Gen (R) Nadeem 'have to work extra hard to factually prove a lot of things wrong that this third member is referring to,' read the email of deputy country director. The email then explained the position of the fourth member, Abbas Ali Khan, absent from discussion. He is not willing to sign the report in the current shape, reads Hassan's email, but also does not want to put in a note of dissent and therefore continues to prolong his stay in the US where he went on the pretext of treatment. As a way forward, the email continues, the two members will work with the third member (Ashraf Qazi) and try to come to a point where the note is significantly reduced and numbers of comments are taken out of the report.

 

Gen (R) Nadeem's advisory role of the NGO: The email also brings to light his role as adviser to the NGO. To a question that what Save the Children should do, Nadeem advised the deputy country director to build relationship and confidence with the Ministry of Interior and Economic Affairs Division. "It would take few months for you to be back to complete normalcy," Gen (R) Nadeem advised.

 

In another email generated on August 29, 2012, David Wright, the country director, wrote that 'on my instructions Hassan asked Gen (R) Nadeem to give an honest assessment as to what he thinks our chances are of surviving this.' Gen (R) Nadeem replied that he felt confident regarding the answers we (NGO) will give to the questions proposed, 'he could convince the other commission members to go with the fact rather than the content of Afridi's statement.' Gen (R) Nadeem also advised to fight the expulsion of our expatriates, Wrights email continued. "He felt if we did not do this and the expats left, the ISI would then move quickly to close down the country programme before the Commission report comes out."

 

Report draft shared with the NGO: Wright's another email indicates that the draft was shared more than once with the NGO. Referring to a meeting of two senior officers of Save the Children with Gen (R) Nadeem, the country director said they were shown the report written by the Chairman of the Commission. The email said there were four versions of the report in June 2012 and these were reduced to two in August that year. However, they have reservations about the latest version shared in August as 'the report which was originally thought to be our saviour, will be the tool for this expulsion.' We will do our best, the email reads, to work 'with our friends and try and get our responses in before the report is finalised.'

WHY I RESPECT ADNAN RASHID MORE THAN THE PUNJABI COURT CJ IFTIKHAR CHAUDHRY

$
0
0
I AM A WHISKEY DRINKING MAN AHO HAS NO CONNECTION WITH ANY RELIGION SINCE 1977 !

I HAVE FOUGHT FOR LEFTIST CAUSES, I HAVE FOUGHT FOR MANY OTHER CAUSES.


WITH THIS PREMISE PLEASE READ MY VIEWS BELOW !






سلام عدنان راشد سلام --Adnan Rashid versus Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry ,Hina Rabbani Khar and Opportunists of Q League

سلام عدنان راشد سلام

WHAT I WAS STATING IN MY ARTICLE IN OCTOBER 2003 WAS ACTUALLY DONE BY ADNAN RASHID AT THE JHANDA CHICHI BRIDGE LATER 



13 Oct 2003


Heroes versus Opportunists


A.H Amin


The article was sent to Daily Nation on 13 October 2003 but published in January 2004 titled as The Last Remedy




When all remedies fail and all wisdom is promiscuously degraded into naked pragmatic opportunism twisted to suit personal ends glorified as idealistic collective aspirations , the last remedy is neither outwardly brilliant , nor apparently wise, but one that alters the course of history at best and instills some semblance of fear of God in the men at the helm of affairs !






Consider the following incidents, all precise historical realities, some stranger than fiction, albeit true!






On pretext of training and with a design to hurt the religious sentiments of his soldiers an over strict martinet of a British commanding officer denied Eid leave to sepoys of 4/2nd Punjab Regiment in the not too distant year of 1938 . Somewhere in the field near Amangarh Ranges in Nowshera one fine winter night in November 1938 , a day before Eid ,a Punjabi Muslim soldier decided that the matter could only be vindicated by a caliber 303 Lee Enfield Rifle ! During the night this indomitable soul ran amok and shot dead four British officers , the first being the commanding officer of the Regiment and also three Indian VCOs ,more loyal than the king ! The British hushed up the incident, as few in Pakistan know today , , keeping in line with foxy old policy of " conspiracy of silence" ! The unit was quietly disbanded! Nevertheless fear of God was driven home well, albeit backed by the mighty swift force of kinetic energy of 303 caliber projectiles! The assailant was killed, but the example he set was well understood, i.e. do not underestimate the religious sentiments of your men!






In yet another incident earlier in 1904 Sepoy Kabul Khan , hailing from a fine P[akhtun tribe , the Abur Rehman Khel sub section of the Bahlolzai section of the illustriopus Mahsud tribe shot dead Captain J.B Bowring the Political SAgent of Waziristan in the middle of the nioght through the head ! In a subsequent dialogue soon after the incident the simple sepoy explained that he had a clear conscience since " Bowring was sleeping with his feet towards Mecca" and "therefore I shot him " ! Later Kabul Khan surrendered , threw his rifle without fear of death and was shot dead , dying with a clean conscience !






In 1984 two valiant Sikhs inscribed another lesson in the sands of time with their blood ! No heavy ranked corps commanders like Brar who slavishly followed orders to storm the Golden Temple despite being a Sikh in name ! These were simple souls , one an ordinary constable Satwant Singh and the other a Sub Inspector Beant Singh ! On the morning of 31st October 1984 at 9.38 precisely these two fearless men pumped seven bullets of a Sten Gun and revolver into the vital organs of Durga Devi ! No missiles test fired at unknown test sites but simple bullets which did the job which no missiles may ever ironically do ! The men died but the message that they gave in martyrdom lives !






In 1978 Egyptian president Anwar Sadat a complexed man inflicted with a highly dangerous disease ofcshameless opportunism betrayed the Arab Muslim cause at Camp David ! This betrayal was avenged by a lieutenant name Khalid Islambouli in 1981 !






Islambouli was executed , he never perhaps wanted to be a red tape without conscience , but he remains a hero in the eyes of many who have the heart to feel and the courage to think beyond immediate self interest !






The Holy Bible says " What shall it profit a man , if he shall gain the whole world and lose his soul ! (Bible-Mark 8:36).Compare this with the shameless opportunism of so many Suhartos and Sadats , the apparently wise men who lost wars but ruled their own people with help of Western powers ! I hold that militarily 1973 War was won by Israelis ! Perhaps the only war that the Israeils may lose is the present one against the guerrilla forces of Islam !






What is the life of a man ? Pilot Officer V.A Roseware who perished in the Battlle of Britain in 1940 explained this enigma in a letter written to his mother shortly before his death at the age of 25 0r 26 in the following words " The universe is so vast and so ageless that the lifec of one man can only be justified by the measure of his sacrifice" !






In Armughan I Hijaz the poet philosopher Iqbal says " Why there is no storm in your river ? Why your ego is nota true Muslim? It is absoolutely useless to complain against the destiny determined by God ? Why are you notb the destiny of God yourself ? "






The Kamikaze pilots who crashed theior planes sacrificing their lives in second world war had the following motto " Like a blossom today then scattered , life is like a delicate flower ! How can one expect the fragrance to last forver ? "






When will leaders of Islam get out of the whirlpool of cheap existence and opportunism ! Bending obsequiously , and clicking their heels while shaking hands with US assistant secretaries of state ! 






Acclaiming their masters and basking in the glory of a passive foreign policy which has divided the Muslim world , facilitating the US task to defeat all Islamic forces piecemeal , one by one while , many others run after carrots suspended in mid air by USA as baits ! All is well while Syria is attacked by Israeli fighters while US Assistant Secretary of state visits Islamabad !






What is the idea of life ! To get a green card ! To build a palatial bungalow in Zamzama Scheme or Bani Gala ! To make costly condominiums and penthouses next to a creek overflowing with the phenomenal load of half the gutters of Karachi !










When I sometimes sleep a student of mine in Armour school shakes my shoulder in a dream ! Tiwana then a captain as I saw him in 1990-91 , later embracing ,martyrdom in Kargil in 1999 as a major tells me " Sir I am very unhappy , do you know how we died , do you know what happened to us , we had volunteered to fight for the cause of Islam" ! Once this dream ends I imagine the heroes of those rocky pinnacles!


" Piles of bones, once animated by the proud breath of life ,now merely scattered limbs ,nameless remains , human chaos ,sacred agglomeration of countless relics – God shall recognize you , the dust of heroes !






Perhaps history will not forgive leaders whop betrayed their nations! Leaders who usurped power by virtue of their institutional positions earned after years of cheap manoeuvring and sycophancy !






What is the use of massive military hardwares , impressive missiles , macho camouflaged uniforms once the leaders have no will to fight ! What is the use of a top heavy military bureaucracy which seeks glory in playing the part of the pragmatic docile subsidiary vassal !






Why do common people become suicide bombers ! It is so because conventional armies of the Muslim world have to failed to do their job in battle , yet they enjoy moviong around with swagger and bravado claiming that they are the most martial military machines in the history of mankind ! 






The pleasant future that the US policy makers may have promised the relatively naieve Pakistani policy makers is essentially only a carrot to make the mule do its job !





I have nothing to do with religion but I salute my ex comrade in uniform Adnan Rashid for attacking the clown Musharraf.


Major Agha.H.Amin (Retired)


As stated I have nothing to do with any religion but I have immense respect for the coup maker who is motivated by the lofty ideals of removing a usurper.


As a cadet when I fired the G 3 rifle at Mirpur ranges , Kakul , I used to see the face of the then usurper Zia in the targets.There were many like minded people then in 1981 ! Alas we did not attempt anything so lofty as Adnan Rashid did !


Many years later when I read Major Alexander William Browns Gilgit diaries I discovered that we had acquired something on the Mirpur Ranges called " Bloodlust" ! The desire to vindicate with a shower of hot lead !


Brown thus defined it as following----


Bloodlust is the most powerful  human desire,even more so than the sex lust.


To read about what the brilliant and indomitable Major Brown defined as blood lust see the link below---


http://low-intensity-conflict-review.blogspot.com/2012/02/major-william-alexander-brownmbesitara.html


Pakistan needs many bullets fired in anger and the disease is in Pakistans so called elite.Destroy this corrupt elite or Pakistan will be destroyed ! The second possibility seems far more likely !


Many years ago I had adopted the verse below as my lifes guiding principle


JALA KAY MASHAL I JAAN HUM JUNOON SIFAAT CHALAY


JO GHAR KO AAG LAGAYAY HAMARAY SAATH CHALAY


UNHEEN KAY FAIZ SAY HAI BAZAAR I AQAL ROSHAN


JO GAHAY GAHAY JUNOON IKHTIAR KARTAY HAIN


Many years ago I met a staunch Islamist .A real fighter.We became friends .I told him how is it that you befriended a man with no religion ? He replied " at heart you are a Muslim, Islam is not about the prayer mat or Haj , it is about what you believe "


THE GREAT BULLEH SHAH DID SAY SOMETHING AS FOLLOWING--


NAMAZ ROZA KUMM ZANANIAN DA






Adnan Rashid was braver than most officers because he had the courage to attempt a coup plot to kill an unjust man who had come through the backdoor.A rare kind of courage that few Pakistan Army officers have .


I am glad that such men still exist in this hopeless and undoubted failed state Pakistan.


Otherwise we are dead ! Major Saadullah Beg from Hunza used to taunt shirkers in PMA by saying  you are alive , but your soul is dead ! Pakistans soul is dead ! 


Adnan Rashids status is greater than the likes of Iftikhar Chaudhry who got all the benefits from Musharraf and only retaliated against Musharraf when he tried to sack Iftikhar Chaudhry .In other words Chaudhry was only trying to save his naukri , which he had been doing with a third rate dictator.


Adnan Rashids status is much higher than anyone who struggled against tyranny.


سلام عدنان راشد سلام


WHAT ADNAN RASHID DID WAS ARTICLE SIX OF PAKISTANS CONSTITUTION , A SENTENCE OF DEATH AGAINST A MAN WHO USURPS POWER AND VIOLATES THE CONSTITUTION.


AND WHAT IFTIKHAR CHAUDHRY DID FROM 1999 TILL 2007 WAS NAUKRI ! HAD A GOOD TIME UNDER A MILITARY DICTATOR.


This is the article that I wrote two months before the execution attempt on the tyrant musharraf in December 2003.


NATION Lahore did not have the courage to publish it in October 2003 but surprisingly published it in Janaury 2004.


BUT ADNAN RASHID WAS IN JAIL THE LIKES OF HINA RABBANI KHAR NOW FOREIGN MINISTER OF THIS FAILED STATE PAKISTAN AND CHAUDHRIES  WHO SHAMELESSLY COLLABORATED WITH THE USURPER MUSHARRAF ARE IN CORRIDORS OF POWER--THIS IS WHY PAKISTAN HAS NO FUTURE-A FAILED STATE


A COUNTRY WHICH REWARDS COLLABORATORS OF GENERALS AND PUNISHES THOSE WHO TRIED KILL A USURPER HAS NO RIGHT TO EXIST-BALKANISATION IS CLOSE


ADNAN RASHID SHOULD HAVE BEEN GIVEN NISHAN I HAIDAR BY PPP FOR ATTACKING MUSHARRAF IN 2003


WHAT IS THE LESSON -PAKISTAN REWARDS P_____





Pakistan cannot be saved by Judges or Politicians but only by the G 3 Rifle well used and boldly used like Jagran Aslam Watanjars action of April 1978 .


See link below--


http://int-history.blogspot.com/2010/12/major-aslam-watanjars-brilliant-coup-of.html

Agha H Amin



ANOTHER ARTICLE OF MINE PUBLISHED IN NATION LAHORE ON 22 JUNE 2002 AND AGAIN IN AUGUST 2004 ANALYSED THE LARGER HISTORICAL ISSUE AS BELOW



What USA Seeks to Destroy and How Muslims will React-This article was written in response to an e mail from a very senior US policy maker addressed to


This article was written in response to an e mail from a very senior US policy maker addressed to me in May 2002.


Basically it was a re-phrasing of what I told him how Muslims will react in response to US invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq.


Although I am a leftist and free thinker this is how I thought Muslim extremists would react.


I dont think that Islamic Extremists must win or should win .Nothing is inevitable in history.But I am convinced about one thing .US leadership consists of assorted fools and that makes the US task difficult.


Over passage of years I believe in it more and more.


Freud was right as I read many years earlier his " Future of an Illusion " in 1985.




Article I wrote for Daily Nation Lahore 21 June 2002.The Nation published it again in AUGUST 2002 .Also published on www.orbat.com the article drew some very outraged responses from US readers:---


















WHAT USA SEEKS TO DESTROY 


A.H Amin


The three cardinal attributes of today's geopolitics are
"globalisation", "non ideological international themes" and "emphasis on
economics" rather than "ideological conflict" as the key theme in
international relations. It is another thing that below the surface
"ideology remains a key issue", "the desire to enslave smaller or weaker
states by larger or stronger states" remains the key issue and
"globalisation" is but another name of capitalism practiced at a global
scale.


The so called unipolar system also has limitations and is being
repeatedly challenged, if not conventionally, then unconventionally as
proved by events of 9/11. The famous philosopher Toffler may have
re-defined power but human nature remains the same as it was 2,500 years
ago. US Think Tanks and so called experts may advance subtle theses but
the underlying conflict is the same i.e. a West which adopted Eastern
Christianity and refashioned it as per Barbarian ideals versus an East
with a different mindset and a different set of values.


The international capitalist order was challenged by French Revolution
and the Communist Revolution in Russia but the power of the
imperialistic exploiters could not be broken. Nonetheless without USSR
military aid the Arabs could not have survived Israeli hegemonism. This
is an irrefutable historical reality.


Long ago the West's present dilemma was summed up by one of its greatest
historian Gibbon in the following words "Yet this apparent security
should not tempt us to forget that new enemies and unknown dangers may
possibly arise from some obscure people, scarcely visible in the map of
the world". In the same paragraph Gibbon cited the example of the Arabs
who had "languished in poverty and contempt" till the advent of Islam
when in Gibbon's words Islam" breathed into those same bodies the soul
of enthusiasm".


When modern US thinkers with links with US State decision making and
analytical bodies state with confidence that "ideology is no longer
fashionable" and that "international terrorism" is the key issue who are
they fooling. If this line of thinking is to be followed, whenever any
White Man or a Jewish man dies it is terrorism while whenever any non
White or Muslim dies this is casualty inflicted in sheer self defence in
the war against terrorism. A stooge is a man who was protected by USSR
and a King or Emir or a president protected by US Forces or US aid is a
perfect patriot.


Take the "Firebombing of Tokyo" on the fateful night of 9/10 March 1945.
On that night the US Airforce in the proud words of an American writer
"conducted the most destructive air raid in history". Sixteen square
miles of Tokyo were destroyed and some 83,793 Japanese civilian were
killed mostly by third degree burns while some 40,918 were injured. A US
General proudly exclaimed "It made a lot of sense to kill skilled
workers". Compare this with US position on 9/11. If for a moment we
accept that 9/11 was a great outrage in which some 3,000 were killed not
all of them skilled, what was Tokyo Raid of March 1945?


There is a subtle motivation here. An ulterior geopolitical agenda. The
West still fears ideology which it abandoned after 1945 in favour of
shameless materialism. It fears men who cannot be bought, who have no
fear for the tomorrow, who cannot be stopped by a NATO or the wide
Atlantic or wider Pacific. USSR may have been a more synthetic state but
the men motivated to die without motivated by the CIA pumped dollar via
Silent Soldiers is a more dangerous specie. Enters the Asian and African
Collaborator Regimes. Liberal Presidents, subtle Emirs, Egalitarian
Kings, all mustered like Sepoy Jahan Khan in the First World War to
fight the War against Terror. The Soviets were more naïve if less
morally defective than the American decision makers. The Americans seek
to accomplish enslavement through more sophisticated methods. Thus one
of their intellectuals states in an article that "unlike centuries past,
when war was the great arbiter, today the most interesting type of power
do not come out of the barrel of the gun".


Today this man says "there is a much bigger pay off in getting others to
want what you want". And there is no shortage of collaborators,
ambitious men who usurped power whether it was after the downfall of
Ottoman Empire with British or French money or in Egypt or Pakistan or
in Indonesia.


Somewhere deep inside the US decision makers are at a loss to admit as
to how with a 30 Billion USD intelligence budget, 13 Federal
Organisations dealing with Intelligence and some 30,000 eavesdroppers
employed by USA's National Security Agency was the Al Qaeda able to
strike. Compare 30 Billion USD per year spent since two decades with may
be 4 Billion USD lost in 9/11. If the East or the Islamic World has any
edge over the West it is in willingness to sacrifice rather than
materialism and selfishness.


What the West and particularly the USA fears is not nuclear weapons but
men motivated by ideology. Men who cannot be bought like the so many
Emirs, Kings and Military Presidents from Morocco till Pakistan.


The world has not changed from Gibbons' times. The New Barbarians as the
USA sees the Muslim radicals are more dangerous because they cannot be
bought. Because they have operational talent and strategic acumen.
Because they do not beg like Sadat for a Camp David but fight with their
limbs rather than Stingers. What the US seeks is destruction of ideology
which as per one theme presently floated in the so called prestigious
National Defence College at Islamabad is no longer fashionable.


This is the Clash of Civilisation and will continue till this world
exists or till the USA discovers a new planet where human beings can
survive and to which the Americans will migrate after all the mineral
resources of this world are exhausted and we are left to die without
water or fuel.


If this is so and if low intensity war is the only way in which the
conventionally weaker forces can defeat the conventionally stronger
forces then so be it. If extremism in thought or ideology is out of
fashion and out of favour with USA and its camp followers, so be it. If
we are in any case condemned to be sub humans in a world order dominated
by the G-7 and have no other recourse but to fight with bomb, dagger or
suicide explosive pack then so be it.


Jala kay Mashal-i-Jaan, Hum Junoon-Sifaat Chalay. Jo Ghar ko aag lagaay,hamarey saath chalay.





HOW THE WAR MAY BE FOUGHT AS ASSESSED IN NOVEMBER 2003

16 Nov 2003


AGE OF STRATEGIC ANARCHY


A.H Amin


While human history has continously oscillated between order and disorder , peace and war , the post 9/11 may be said to represent the watershed between the age of strategic stability which started from 1945 and a transition to a many decade ,perhaps century long period of strategic anarchy !War as a sublime activity has witnessed a stark transition from rationality to madness from9/11 ! The Nero at the apex of the whole exercise is Emperor Bush the Second who more than any Al Qaeda terrorist , has made this world , a far more dangerous place for USA , primarily because of lack of knowledge and a myopic worldview which is based on a very narrow perception of history and human civilisation ! Alas Bush is a teetotaller and does not have that coup d oeil which distinguished great warlords like Winston Churchill reinforced by many pints of finest beverages of Scotland ! Here we have a scenario of a warlord , who has naieve strategic perception and is manipulated by cheap consumerist aides motivated by business interests or narrow beliefs in Christian resurgence or Zionist supremacy ! Thus the age of strategic uncertainty and anarchy !If Field Marshal Foch's ideas on strategy are to be applied here , all anti American forces , have a grandstrategic opportunity to humble USA at a nominal cost in the entire region between Casablanca in the West till Sakhalin in the East, with additional reinforcement from sabotage missions launched in theentire tract from Los Angeles till United Kingdom ! American interests and American installations are located in such a widespread area that USA with its entire might cannot defend all of its many assets at all times ! Thus the truth in the adage that he who defends everything defends nothing ! Foch's two cardinal principles of strategy applied wisely in this scenario i.e " Economy of Force" and " Denial of freedom of manoeuvre to the enemy" can easily bring USA to a long term strategic grief ! Already some results are evident in many Quixotic Blackhawks reduced to molten metal in the entire deathland between Tikrit and Karbala !The age of strategic anarchy may thus unfold in the following stages or phases ; i.e (1)Initial attrition of US forces in Iraq,Afghanistan and Korea (2) A period of spilling out of the conflict into new theatres by the USA in search of a centre of gravity like Iran,Syria ,Pakistan,Saudi Arabia.Something like Napoleons attack on Russia or Hitlers Case Blue which envisaged a dualoffensive towards Stalingrad and the Caucasian Oilfields (3) A period of intense attrition in the new theatres chosen by USA (4) a period of USA's exhaustion , something close to Clausewitz's concept of culmination point of a great power and begining of decline of the New Christian Roman Empire of USA (5) A period of exploitation of USA's exhaustion by other major players like Russia,China ,EU etc !Initial attrition may last from 1 to five years ! Possibly Bush's successor Democratic or Republican may be unable to initiate a policy of disengagement ! The USA is in position of a man holding a wolf by the ears ! It may be difficult to kill this wolf , but it is fatal to leave it ! All that the anti US forces ,open or covert need to do it is to assist the wolf ,create new breeding areas for the wolves , increase their birth rate !In the second phase of spilling out USA has to suffer greater losses both material and moral ! Greater casualties ! An attack on Iran via Pakistani Baluchistan or via Azerbaijan or via the cosatal Persian Gulf ! A Possible denuclearisation of Pakistan ! A crusade against Syria with an American general walking haughtily till the masoulem of Salahuddin Ayubi in his boots and telling the sleeping Lion of Islam like earlier French generals who occupied Syria after 1918; Salahuddin I have come back to avenge the defeat of Crusaders !Intense attrition wouldtake place in the next third phase , with either USA destroying all its enemies or arriving at its culmination point ! A start of a period of decline , the ebb of the tide that started gaining strength from WW 1 !The fourth phase would be either USA's victory , perhaps a Pyhrric one or an ignominous withdrawal ! The Barbarians as theUSA perceives its Islamic enemies wouldthen regroup and counter attack !The fifth phase would be open exploitation of USA's exhaustion by China and Russia hopefully with a more resolute leader who drinks a lot of Vodka and has zeal and the killer instinct of a Peter the Great or Stalin !The wholeprocess of these fivestages may vary from anything between 5 years to 100 years ! The stakes are high , the battle field vaster than any other battlefield in human history and the shades too many for the strategists eyeto perceive or comprehend !The present third world war which started with 9/11 has no centreof gravity,no fixed battlle lines , it is hundred dimensional,no rules , no morality ,no boundaries and no tangible end in sight !One thing is clear ! USA's cheap consumerist society has a great deal of military muscle but a pathetic strategic vision ! We salute the new age of Strategic anarchy !













http://www.rediff.com/news/special/the-story-behind-talibans-attack-on-a-pak-prison/20120415.htm



The story behind Taliban's attack on a Pak prison
April 15, 2012 18:47 IST
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Taliban [ Images ] militants on Sunday attacked the Central Jail in Bannu and freed several of their comrades, including Adnan Rashid, a convict on death row who had plotted to kill General Pervez Musharraf [ Images ]. Tahir Ali reports




Militants from the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan have freed hundreds of their comrades from a prison in central Bannu in Khyber Pakthunkhwa Province. Twenty two high-profile convicts, who had been awarded the death penalty by Pakistani courts, are among the freed prisoners.


In the wee hours of Sunday, nearly 150 armed militants riding vehicles armed with guns and rocke- propelled grenades attacked the prison in Bannu.


The police barely had any time to retaliate and the Taliban militants managed to free the prisoners. 


Bannu city, which serves as a gateway to North Waziristan, has been under the influence of TTP. Suicide bombings and other attacks over security forces and military installations are common in this particular area.


Asimullah Mehsud, TTP spokesperson, told rediff.com, "Nearly 150 Taliban men took part in this activity. We have freed more than 800 prisoners. It was the best way to free our men. Holding talks with the government doesn't give us a solution to releasing our brothers languishing in prisons."


Reacting to the attack, Mir Sahib Jan, a police official, said, "Dozens of militants attacked the jail in the early hours of the morning. Over 300 prisoners have escaped. There was intense gunfire and rocket-propelled grenades were also used."


Adnan Rashid, a former member of the Pakistan Air Force who was charged for complicity in an attack on former president Pervez Musharraf, was one of the prisoners freed by the Taliban.


Incidentally, Adnan Rashid has been lodged in various jails in Pakistan. In September 2011, he and his comrade Niaz Khan were shifted from Haripur Central jail to Peshawar prison. The transfer was against their wishes and both prisoners went on a hunger strike in protest.


Adnan Rashid and Niaz Khan had both been charged for orchestrating a suicide attack on Musharraf. The Supreme Court had dismissed their appeals against court martial.


The two high-profile prisoners were shifted forcibly because Adnan and Niaz allegedly put an end to the corrupt practices of the authorities of Haripur Jail Authorities, who were selling drugs in prison.


One of them also worked as the prayer leader in Haripur Jail and had a strong influence over the prisoners. Last year, Adnan and Niaz ensured that Eid was celebrated on two different days in Haripur Jail, as per the custom in Khyber Pakthunkhwa Province, where majority of the rigid clerics do not celebrate Eid with the government.


Finally, Adnan and Niaz were secretly shifted to Peshawar Central jail in the night. They were allegedly tortured by the jail authorities but they refused to end their hunger strike. They were then shifted to two separate jails; Adnan Rashid was lodged in the Bannu Jail while Niaz Mahmud was taken to the Mansehra District Jail.


Adnan Rashid has been freed by Taliban militants but Niaz Mahmud is still lodged behind bars.


Attacks on prisons by militants are becoming a common modus operandi of the Taliban. While Afghanistan has witnessed a number of such incidents, this is biggest incident of its kind in Pakistan.


In June 2008, nearly 900 inmates including 400 Taliban fighters were freed from the Kandahar Jail, when dozens of militants on motorbikes and two suicide bombers in an explosives-laden tanker attacked it.


In April 2011, the Afghan Taliban dug a lengthy tunnel under the main jail in Kandahar and whisked out more than 475 prisoners, most of whom were Taliban fighters.


Tahir Ali In Islamabad







The Development of Taliban Factions in Afghanistan and Pakistan: A Geographical Account, February 2010
Amin, Agha , Osinski, David J. , & DeGeorges, Paul Andre



BOOKS ON PAKISTAN REVIEWED-AMAZON UK





Military Leadership





Taliban war in Afghanistan



Atlas and History of Wars

 
THE ESSENTIAL CLAUSEWITZ


 
USA,ISI,AL QAEDA and TALIBAN-Setting Straight Bruce Riedels Strategic Narrative


1971 War


Mans Role in History



How a private English Company conquered a sub continent



Atlas of a great tank battle



Atlas of a bloody Indian Pakistan battle



A forgotten and  Bloody British Failure



The Pakistani Tank Divisions Failure in 1965



Second  World Wars Forgotten History
 


How Indian Army saved France and Suez Canal




 Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-59 Reinterpreted


PAKISTAN ARMY THROUGH EYES OF PAKISTANI GENERALS



 


AGENDA of GENERAL SISI of EGYPT SIMILAR TO THAT OF GENERAL ZIAUL-HAQ OF PAKISTAN BACK IN 1977, & ROBERT MUGABE OF ZIMBABWE

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FYI - see attached from Foreign Affairs and below an extract from Amin, Osinski & DeGeorges, 2010:
 

 "...Washington insiders do not mention that the Taliban's 'harsh form of oppression on women and others,' which everyone from Madeleine Albright to Hillary Clinton have argued provides cause for war, is not a concern when relations  with 'Wahhabi' Saudi Arabia are pursued, and was not a concern when the US' closest ally in the region, President (General) Zia ul-Haq of Pakistan, promulgated a version of 'Islamic Law' whose intellectual roots were identical to those of Saudi Arabia and the Taliban, as evinced by such 'anti-woman' legislation as the removal of all images of women from public spaces (including TV), and such 'human rights' violations as public flogging. Zia ul-Haq's regime entirely changed the complexion of Pakistani society, bringing the religio-political parties that would later instruct the Taliban on 'Islam' – that is, the Jama'at-i Ulama-i Islam - firmly into the political arena and leading to an entire generation raised under the impression that at least the social aspects of Taliban-style 'ideology' represents the 'true' face of 'Islamic Law,' whether they stand for or against it..." (Pirbhai, Oct. 2009).




Springborg For Af Jul 2013 Sisi's Islamist Agenda for Egypt The General's Radical Political Vision Robert Springborg July 28, 2013 http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139605/robert-springborg/sisis-islamist-agenda-for-egypt?page=show Article Summary and Author Biography Many Egyptians fear that Fattah al-Sisi wants to return Egypt to a familiar style of secular authoritarianism. But his record suggests he may have very different -- although equally undemocratic -- political intentions: a hybrid regime that would combine Islamism with militarism. ROBERT SPRINGBORG is professor of national security affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School. </body>

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Al-Sisi at a press conference in Cairo. (Courtesy Reuters) Addressing graduates of military academies is a standard responsibility for high-ranking military officers all over the world. But last week, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, the commander of Egypt's armed forces, which recently deposed the country's first freely elected president, went far beyond the conventions of the genre in a speech to graduates of Egypt's Navy and Air Defense academies. Sisi's true audience was the wider Egyptian public, and he presented himself less as a general in the armed forces than as a populist strongman. He urged Egyptians to take to the streets to

show their support for the provisional government that he had installed after launching a coup to remove from power President Mohamed Morsi, a longtime leader of the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood. "I've never asked you for anything," Sisi declared, before requesting a "mandate" to confront the Muslim Brotherhood, whose supporters have launched protests and sit-ins to denounce the new military-backed regime. Sisi's speech was only the latest suggestion that he will not be content to simply serve as the leader of Egypt's military. Although he has vowed to lead Egypt through a democratic transition, there are plenty of indications that he is less than enthusiastic about democracy and that he intends to hold on to political power himself. But that's not to say that he envisions a return to the secular authoritarianism of Egypt's recent past. Given the details of Sisi's biography and the content of his only published work, a thesis he wrote in 2006 while studying at the U.S. Army War College in Pennsylvania, it seems possible that he might have something altogether different in mind: a hybrid regime that would combine Islamism with militarism. To judge from the ideas about governance that he put forward in his thesis, Sisi might see himself less as a custodian of Egypt's democratic future than as an Egyptian version of Muhammed Zia ul-Haq, the Pakistani general who seized power in 1977 and set about to "Islamicize" state and society in Pakistan. Last summer, when Morsi tapped Sisi to replace Minister of Defense Muhammad Tantawi, Morsi clearly believed that he had chosen someone who was willing to subordinate himself to an elected government. Foreign observers also interpreted Sisi's promotion as a signal that the military would finally be professionalized, beginning with a reduction of its role in politics and then, possibly, the economy. Sisi's initial moves as defense minister reinforced this optimism. He immediately removed scores of older officers closely associated with his corrupt and unpopular predecessor. And he implicitly criticized the military's involvement in politics after the ouster of Hosni Mubarak in 2011, warning that such "dangerous" interventions could turn Egypt into Afghanistan or Somalia and would not recur. The Muslim Brotherhood also had a favorable attitude toward Sisi, and certainly did not see him as a threat. Brotherhood spokesmen praised his dedication to military modernization and noted that, unlike his predecessor, who maintained close ties to Washington, Sisi was a fierce Egyptian nationalist -- "100 percent patriotic," in the words of Gamal Hishmat, the official spokesman for the Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party. In May, when a prominent ultraconservative Salafist named Hazem Abu Ismail criticized Sisi for making "emotional" appeals for popular support for the military, a number of Brothers leapt to the general's defense. Throughout Sisi's tenure as defense minister, the Brotherhood dismissed his political potential. Obviously, they underestimated him. That is not to say that he had been planning a coup the entire time; there is not enough evidence to determine that. But there is plenty of evidence that Sisi is not nearly as modest as he has always preferred Egyptians to believe. It is significant that he not only remained minister of defense in the new government but also took the post of first deputy prime minister. Following the cabinet's formation, Sisi's spokesperson appeared on television to say that although the general was not running for the presidency, there was nothing to prevent him from so doing if he retired from the military. Sisi also had his spokesman release a 30-minute YouTube video glorifying the general and

the military, taking particular care to illustrate the military's provision of goods and services to civilians. Not long thereafter, demonstrators in Cairo and elsewhere were seen carrying large photos of Sisi. As fears of the general's political ambitions have intensified, so have concerns about the nature of his political views. Since deposing Morsi, Sisi has clearly been trying to give the impression that he is committed to democracy. He has taken pains to ensure that civilian political figures share the limelight with him. Hazem al-Beblawi, who was appointed as the prime minister of the transitional government, claimed in his first television interview after taking office that he had not met Sisi prior to the swearing-in ceremony and that the general had not intervened in any way in his choice of ministers. But even though he overthrew a government dominated by Islamists, there is reason to suspect that Sisi's true goal might not be the establishment of a more inclusive, secular democracy but, rather, a military-led resurrection and reformation of the Islamist project that the Brotherhood so abysmally mishandled. Indeed, after Morsi became president, he tapped Sisi to become defense minster precisely because there was plenty of evidence that the general was sympathetic to Islamism. He is reputed to be a particularly devout Muslim who frequently inserts Koranic verses into informal conversations, and his wife wears the conservative dress favored by more orthodox Muslims. Those concerned about Sisi's views on women's rights were alarmed by his defense of the military's use of "virginity tests" for female demonstrators detained during the uprising against Mubarak. Human-rights activists argued that the "tests" were amounted to sexual assaults; Sisi countered that they were intended "to protect the girls from rape." Morsi likely also found much to admire in the thesis that Sisi produced at the U.S. Army War College, which, despite its innocuous title ("Democracy in the Middle East"), reads like a tract produced by the Muslim Brotherhood. In his opening paragraph, Sisi emphasizes the centrality of religion to the politics of the region, arguing that "for democracy to be successful in the Middle East," it must show "respect to the religious nature of the culture" and seek "public support from religious leaders [who] can help build strong support for the establishment of democratic systems." Egyptians and other Arabs will view democracy positively, he wrote, only if it "sustains the religious base versus devaluing religion and creating instability." Secularism, according to Sisi, "is unlikely to be favorably received by the vast majority of Middle Easterners, who are devout followers of the Islamic faith." He condemns governments that "tend toward secular rule," because they "disenfranchise large segments of the population who believe religion should not be excluded from government," and because "they often send religious leaders to prison." But Sisi's thesis goes beyond simply rejecting the idea of a secular state; it embraces a more radical view of the proper place of religion in an Islamic democracy. He writes: "Democracy cannot be understood in the Middle East without an understanding of the concept of El Kalafa," or the caliphate, which Sisi defines as the 70-year period when Muslims were led by Muhammad and his immediate successors. Re-establishing this kind of leadership "is widely recognized as the goal for any new form of government" in the Middle East, he asserts. The central political mechanisms in such a system, he believes, are al-bi'ah (fealty to a ruler) and shura (a ruler's consultation with his subjects). Apologists for

Islamic rule sometimes suggest that these concepts are inherently democratic, but in reality they fall far short of the democratic mark. Sisi concludes that a tripartite government would be acceptable only if the executive, legislative, and judicial branches are all sufficiently Islamic; otherwise, there must be an independent "religious" branch of government. He acknowledges that it will be a challenge to incorporate Islam into government, but concludes that there is no other choice. (As an afterthought, he adds that "there must be consideration given to non-Islamic beliefs.") If Sisi's thesis truly reflects his thinking -- and there is no reason to believe otherwise -- it suggests not only that he might want to stay at the helm of the new Egyptian state but that his vision of how to steer Egyptian society differs markedly from those of the secular-nationalist military rulers who led Egypt for decades: Gamal Abdel al-Nasser, Anwar al-Sadat, and Mubarak. The ideas in Sisi's thesis hew closer to those of Zia ul-Haq, who overthrew Pakistan's democratically elected government in 1977 and soon began a campaign of "Islamicization" that included the introduction of some elements of sharia into Pakistani law, along with a state-subsidized boom in religious education. It is worth noting that Sisi has gone out of his way to court the Salafist al-Nour Party, by ensuring that the constitutional declaration issued on July 13 preserved the controversial article stating "the principles of sharia law derived from established Sunni canons" will be Egypt's "main source of legislation." He also tried to undercut support for the leaders of the Brotherhood by appealing directly to their followers, referring to them as "good Egyptians" and "our brothers." These moves may have been intended to inoculate him against the charge that the coup was anti-Islamist -- a critical point, since Islamism still enjoys broad support in many parts of Egyptian society. But it may also reflect a genuine belief in and commitment to Islamism. If Sisi continues to seek legitimacy for military rule by associating it with Islamism, it could prove to be a disaster for Egypt. At the very least, it would set back the democratic cause immeasurably. It would also reinforce the military's octopus-like hold on the economy, which is already one of the major obstacles to the country's economic development. And it would also pose new dilemmas for the military itself: somehow it would need to reconcile serving the strategic objectives of Islam and those of its American patrons. It's not clear whether that circle could be squared. And the experiment would likely come at the expense of the Egyptian people



Bratton For Af Jul 2013 Zimbabwe's Underhanded Autocrat How Mugabe Manipulated the Vote Michael Bratton July 30, 2013 http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139611/michael-bratton/zimbabwes-underhanded-autocrat?page=show Article Summary and Author Biography Unlike in 2008, Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe will probably not have to use brutal violence to triumph in today's elections. He has put in place a system of security, legal, fiscal, and administrative measures so rigged in his favor that force will be unnecessary. MICHAEL BRATTON is University Distinguished Professor of Political Science and African Studies at Michigan State University and the author, most recently, of Voting and Democratic Citizenship in Africa. Mugabe Über Alles Robert I. Rotberg Zimbabwe has been ruled by a unity government since 2008, but President Robert Mugabe and his party continue to usurp power and pillage the country's wealth. Essay Africa's Mess, Mugabe's Mayhem Robert I. Rotberg Venal leaders are the curse of Africa, and Robert Mugabe is a walking reminder of how much damage they can do. No mere thug like Idi Amin, the gifted Mugabe created modern Zimbabwe and then robbed it of its enormous potential. The comparatively well-run, well-off country that he inherited is now a corruption-riddled, autocratic mess sent into economic free fall by its kleptomaniacal president's whims -- including tampering with elections, sending troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and hiring goons to invade white-owned farms. An indulgent world contributed to Mugabe's sense of invincibility. Instead, he and his ilk should be ostracized .  If Robert Mugabe has his way, the results of Zimbabwe's July 31, 2013, presidential, parliamentary, and local government elections will have been determined before a single ballot is cast. The wily 89-year-old autocratic president, in power for 33 years, has put in place a system of security, legal, fiscal, and administrative measures aimed at again returning his Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) to national office. The credibility of any election that yields such an outcome, however, will be suspect. The immediate point of reference -- and the precedent to be avoided -- is Zimbabwe's disputed June 27, 2008, presidential election, when the country's powerful security apparatus and captive electoral commission secured Mugabe's path back to the presidency by overturning a first round victory by Morgan Tsvangirai, the leader of the opposition party Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). The illegitimacy of that hollow victory was evident even to ZANU-PF's allies in the southern Africa region, who brokered a power-sharing deal in 2009 to give Tsvangirai the post of prime minister. But the resultant coalition government was far from inclusive, since the president retained control of all instruments of hard power, including the army, the police, and the courts. Top ZANU-PF and military officials supplemented their grip on formal state authority with windfall revenues seized from Zimbabwe's vast diamond fields. By mid-2010, both ZANU-PF and the MDC concluded that Zimbabwe's long political crisis could be resolved only by a return to elections. Thus began an unofficial electoral campaign that stretched over three years; the parties could never agree on the rules for a fair contest, let alone a date for voting. The process was further sidetracked by struggles over a new constitution, which led to a compromised document -- it promised new civil rights but left executive power largely intact -- that the electorate welcomed in a March 2013 referendum. The ZANU-PF made the most of the extended campaign by organizing its grass-roots constituency, mainly in the countryside. Meanwhile, the MDC party organization, always stronger in urban than rural areas, was slow to recover from the state-sponsored electoral violence of 2008, when 200 of its members were killed. GAMING THE RULES Political parties in Zimbabwe win elections in two ways: by mobilizing their own supporters and suppressing the opposition vote. Conditions on the ground ahead of the polls this year differ in important ways from 2008. The previous contest played out against a backdrop of hyperinflation, food shortages, widespread cholera, collapsed public services, and overt political violence. Today, Zimbabwe's economy has steadied, the worthless Zimbabwe dollar has been replaced (several foreign currencies count as legal tender), the press is plural, schools and clinics have reopened, and there are goods on the shelves. Most important, Mugabe and ZANU-PF seem to recognize that an open replay of 2008's electoral brutality will only undermine the validity of their rule. Therefore, they now rhetorically proclaim peace while reaping the harvest of fear that they planted during earlier periods of intimidation. They also appear to have invested heavily in measures to manipulate the electoral machinery. Take the contested issue of the election date. The power-sharing agreement and a road map to elections, both supervised by the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), required that the president consult the prime minister on the date of any election. Yet Mugabe repeatedly insisted on an early poll and threatened to set the date unilaterally, as he had done in 2008. He welcomed a late May 2013 decision by Zimbabwe's Constitutional Court (in a case that may have been engineered by ZANU-PF) that elections must be held no later than July 31. The president then short-circuited a parliamentary effort to debate a new electoral law (and thereby potentially delay the elections) by issuing a presidential decree confirming the July date. The accelerated schedule handed Mugabe what he wanted. Given his advancing age and poor health, the president apparently wanted to get the vote over with, and catch the MDC off guard. Another bonus: It left no time to properly fulfill constitutional provisions for voter registration, nomination of candidates, and inspection of the voters' roll. Early elections also allowed ZANU-PF to avoid agreed-upon reforms to level the competitive playing field. The existing rules of the political game put opponents of the old regime at a steep disadvantage. For example, MDC legislators never succeeded in repealing two draconian laws passed by the ZANU-PF–dominated parliament in 2002: the Public Order and Security Act, which empowers the police to block political gatherings, and the Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act, which limits the rights of journalists. The authorities still routinely disallow opposition political rallies and continue to castigate Tsvangirai over the airwaves. The state's effort to contain opposition activity is accompanied by an ongoing crackdown on civil society, including the arrest and trial of the country's top human rights defender, the lawyer Beatrice Mtetwa. At the same time, ordinary citizens are forced to attend ZANU-PF rallies in Harare and other cities and undergo all-night indoctrination sessions known as pungwes in the countryside. Zimbabwe's security chiefs have publicly ruled out the prospect of security sector reform and indicated that they would refuse to accept Tsvangirai as president. Making things worse, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission, which is critical for a quality vote, is neither neutral nor fully prepared for elections. Even if some commissioners, including a new chair, try to uphold professional standards, the staff, which contains military and intelligence personnel, has not changed since 2008. Nor is the electoral commission able to supervise the process of voter registration, which remains firmly in the clutch of Tobaiwa Mudede, a seasoned ZANU-PF loyalist at the head of the Registrar General's Office (RGO). Moreover, the electoral commission is hamstrung by a shortage of resources: Just ten days before the election, the cash-strapped government had released less than a quarter of the total estimated election budget to the electoral commission. The manipulation of the election is evident in the voters' roll. A last-minute voter registration exercise failed to extend voting rights to Zimbabweans in the international diaspora, or fully exorcise the names of ghost voters. And it yielded few new registrants. Although traditional leaders herded villagers into registration centers in the ruling party's rural strongholds, would-be voters in the opposition-leaning cities were blocked by long queues. An audit by the nongovernmental organization Research and Advocacy Unit revealed that fewer than one out of five young people were able to register; yet in almost a third of the gerrymandered voting districts, the number of registered voters exceeded the official population count. Disarray in electoral administration came home to roost during early voting, when almost half of all election and security officials were unable to cast a ballot, forcing the electoral commission to issue a public apology. Meanwhile, reformers continue to call on the RGO to publish the voters' roll, as the constitution requires, and to condemn the courts for consistently denying the MDC's appeals to extend the times available for early and regular voting. MUBAGE'S MOVE, AGAIN Political parties in Zimbabwe win elections in two ways: by mobilizing their own supporters and suppressing the opposition vote. With its origins as an armed guerrilla insurgency, ZANU-PF has always used both approaches, combining force and patronage to build a political base of "no-go" zones in the country's rural northeast where the MDC cannot campaign. Absent deep roots in either the labor movement or business community, ZANU-PF long ago lost the allegiance of most urban voters. For its part, however, the MDC, with its undisciplined performance in the coalition failed to consolidate its early support among these same groups. It also neglected the need to rebuild its own organization and consummate a grand coalition with minor opposition parties. Public opinion polls suggest recent declines in MDC popularity and confirm that demographic distributions in a predominantly rural country tend to work in ZANU-PF's favor. With the help of biased electoral institutions, Mugabe appears to have an edge over Tsvangirai and may even win the presidency in the first round. ZANU-PF is also determined to regain working majorities in the parliament and on local government councils that were lost to the opposition in 2008. But because political authority in Zimbabwe is concentrated in the executive branch, the Central Intelligence Organization -- operating through an opaque national command center for tabulating votes -- will focus any manipulation of the count on the crucial presidential contest. Pressured by militants to never surrender power, Mugabe also knows that, even if he loses, he can still prevent a democratic transition by activating the coercive forces that his party has emplaced around the country. Despite the dismal outlook of Western countries standing by as Mubabe steals another election, the United States and others have very little leverage. Having isolated Harare, Western ambassadors are held at arm's length by the government's hard-liners. Under direction from above, the electoral commission has already declined to invite international election observers, including the Carter Center. And most of all, Western solidarity has begun to crumble as the European Union lifts sanctions on top ZANU-PF officials and reengages in direct aid relations. Citing the need for African solutions to African problems, the West now lines up behind the SADC as the regional guarantor of Zimbabwe's political future. But the SADC's track record is spotty, to say the least, sometimes blocking but too often turning a blind eye to Mugabe's machinations. It is unlikely to condemn a rigged election that appears peaceful. Nor does the SADC have the appetite to step in if, against the odds, the MDC ekes out a victory but the security chiefs once again prevent Tsvangirai from taking power. Amid such bleak scenarios, the United States should reiterate its long-standing policy that normal relations with Zimbabwe depend not only on credible elections but also on the government's respect for human rights, civilian control of the military, and commitment to other lasting political reforms. Otherwise, another disputed election in Zimbabwe, especially if given a stamp of approval by neighboring countries, will only undercut prospects for better governance in southern Africa and the wider sub-Saharan region

 


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